Study on migration characteristics of chromium contaminated site and Dual-Frequency IP method monitoring technology
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摘要: 重金属铬污染场迁移过程受多种不确定因素影响，其迁移特性和监测过程很难通过实验进行研究。依据地下水流动基本规律和污染物迁移机理，采用COMSOL软件仿真分析静储量铬污染源的迁移特性及其变化规律。通过开展静态土槽物理模型实验，验证数值正演模拟的可靠性和准确性。以迁移模型为监测基础模型，采用中梯剖面和对称四极测深装置，对铬污染场迁移过程进行双频激电法监测数值正演模拟，分析平整、起伏地形和测点方位布置对监测效果的影响。结果表明：在铬污染物迁移过程中，高渗透系数的透水层对重污染区域表现出强烈的吸附效应，同时会在短时间内加剧污染区域的横向扩散；在视幅频率峰值和视电阻率谷值的异常对应关系上剖面探测要优于测深探测；对称四极测深时，在污染场的投影边缘中央设置测点可更有效地提高测量精度；在进行剖面和测深探测时，山谷会造成激电曲线出现“多峰”现象；在凸起山峰两侧山陲设置供电电极，通过视幅频率和视电阻率曲线可综合确定重度污染区域的具体位置。研究成果丰富了双频激电法对重金属土壤污染场监测的理论，为铬污染场实时监测提供理论依据和技术指导，对推动生态环境保护具有积极意义。Abstract: In view of the fact that the migration process of chromium contaminated sites can be affected by a variety of uncertainties, its migration characteristics and monitoring process are difficult to study experimentally. Based on the basic law of groundwater flow and the migration mechanism of pollutants, COMSOL software was used to simulate and analyze the migration characteristics of chromium contaminants in static reserves and their changing rules. The reliability and accuracy of numerical forward simulations are verified by conducting physical modeling experiments of static earth tanks. The chromium pollution source migration model is used as the basic model for geoelectric monitoring. Based on the theory of dual-frequency induced polarization(IP) method, the intermediate gradient detection device and symmetrical quadrupole sounding device are used for pollution source migration monitoring to analyze the influence of terrain undulation and the orientation of the measurement point on the monitoring effect. The results show that during the migration of chromium pollutants, the permeable layer with a high permeability coefficient shows a strong adsorption effect on the heavily polluted area, and at the same time, it will intensify the lateral spreading of polluted areas in a short period of time. Correspondence of excitation anomalies between the peak apparent amplitude frequency and the trough of apparent resistivity is better for profiling than for bathymetric surveys. For symmetrical quadrupole sounding, a measuring point in the center of the projected edge of the contaminated field allows for more effective contamination monitoring. The presence of valleys may trigger "multiple peaks" in the excitation curve during profiling and bathymetric soundings. By setting up power supply electrodes on the mountain frontiers on both sides of the raised peaks and comprehensively mapping the apparent amplitude frequency and apparent resistivity curves of the chromium contamination field, whcih is effective in determining the exact location of the heavily contaminated area. The research results enrich the theory of monitoring heavy metal soil pollution field by dual-frequency IP method, whcih promote the ecological environmental protection.
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