Objective Coals, as the main energy in China for the long term, secure the basic needs for energy development in China. However, large-scale, intense coal mining damages the geologic environment of coal mining areas, as well as inducing hazards such as water inrushes and rock bursts.
Methods To overcome the challenges in geological security through the prediction and early warning of damage to geologic environments and damage-reducing mining faced by safe, efficient coal mining, this study, based on the interdisciplinary characteristics of the geological security, highlighted the hazard control mechanisms and mining-inducing hazard patterns of geological conditions, underscored the whole-space-time multi-field responses of coal mining modes and geological structural evolution, analyzed the coupling mechanism of the material field, energy field, and information field of geological conditions under the mining effect, ascertained the mapping relationship between the damage pattern and the key parameters of early-warning information, and developed safe and efficient geological security strategies and an engineering technical system for damage reduction and hazard control.
Results and Conclusions The research philosophy involves hazard-inducing environments, damage mechanisms, process response, damage prediction, and hazard prevention and damage reduction sequentially. The technical route comprises geologic environmental conditions of coal mining; the evolution laws and damage patterns of geological structures; whole-space-time information responses of multi-physical field evolution; damage monitoring, prediction, and warning; and damage-reducing security engineering technologies. Core contents are as follows: (1) Analyzing the spatial and genetic relationships between geological conditions and typical hazard-inducing geological bodies, constructing high-precision three-dimensional geomechanical models, ascertaining the mapping relationship between geological structures, mining conditions, and damage patterns, and establishing a database of characteristic parameters for major control elements. (2) Constructing an engineering geomechanical model under the mining effect, investigating the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics and damage mechanisms of geological conditions and structures under the influence of the methods, spatial layout, and mining rate of coal mining, and proposing methods for damage pattern identification that consider the evolutionary laws of critical structural failures of geological bodies. (3) Obtaining the whole-space-time multi-source information responses in the context of geological structural evolution during coal mining, proposing the criteria for damage pattern identification under the action of major control parameters, further clarifying the mirror-image relationships of the fissure field, stress field, and seepage field with the information parameters of geophysical fields, and establishing a whole-space-time information mapping model based on the coupling responses of the material field, energy field, and information field of geological conditions. (4) Building a whole-space multifaceted, active and passive integrated multi-source monitoring system involving the ground, boreholes, and underground space and proposing a prediction model and prediction methods for mining-induced hazards in coal mines. (5) Developing a damage-reducing and hazard control system that integrates the analyses of damage sources, patterns, dynamics, and channels, as well as damage-reducing technologies and their performance evaluation. The purpose of this study is to pursue the coordinated development of safe coal mining and geologic environment protection, resolve the conflict between resource development and geologic environmental constraints, and provide a scientific basis for safe and efficient coal mining, hazard prevention, and damage reduction based on geology, mechanics, and physics.
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