西部矿区采动损害及减损开采的地质保障技术框架体系

王双明, 孙强, 耿济世, 袁士豪, 谷超, 杨多兴, 牛超, 路拓, 郭晨, 张唤兰, 黄海鱼, 师庆民

王双明, 孙强, 耿济世, 袁士豪, 谷超, 杨多兴, 牛超, 路拓, 郭晨, 张唤兰, 黄海鱼, 师庆民. 西部矿区采动损害及减损开采的地质保障技术框架体系[J]. 煤田地质与勘探.
引用本文: 王双明, 孙强, 耿济世, 袁士豪, 谷超, 杨多兴, 牛超, 路拓, 郭晨, 张唤兰, 黄海鱼, 师庆民. 西部矿区采动损害及减损开采的地质保障技术框架体系[J]. 煤田地质与勘探.
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WANG Shuangming, SUN Qiang, GENG Jishi, YUAN Shihao, GU Chao, YANG Duoxing, NIU Chao, LU Tuo, GUO Chen, ZHANG Huanlan, HUANG Haiyu, SHI Qingmin. Geological Support Technology Framework System for Mining Induced Disasters and Damage Reduction Mining of Geological Conditions in Western Mining Area[J]. COAL GEOLOGY & EXPLORATION.
Citation: WANG Shuangming, SUN Qiang, GENG Jishi, YUAN Shihao, GU Chao, YANG Duoxing, NIU Chao, LU Tuo, GUO Chen, ZHANG Huanlan, HUANG Haiyu, SHI Qingmin. Geological Support Technology Framework System for Mining Induced Disasters and Damage Reduction Mining of Geological Conditions in Western Mining Area[J]. COAL GEOLOGY & EXPLORATION.
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西部矿区采动损害及减损开采的地质保障技术框架体系

  • 1. 陕西省煤炭绿色开发地质保障重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710054;

  • 2. 西安科技大学 地质与环境学院, 陕西 西安 710054;

  • 3. 西安科技大学 煤炭绿色开采地质研究院, 陕西 西安 710054;

  • 4. 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院, 北京 100085;

  • 5. 中煤能源研究院有限责任公司, 陕西 西安 710054

基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目(42330808)

陕西省“两链”融合重点专项项目(2023-LL-QY-05)

陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2024JC-YBQN-0289)

陕西省博士后科研项目(2023BSHEDZZ304)

详细信息
    作者简介:

    王双明,1955年生,男,陕西岐山人,中国工程院院士,从事煤田地质勘探及矿区环境保护等方面研究.E-mail:sxmtwsm@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TD82

Geological Support Technology Framework System for Mining Induced Disasters and Damage Reduction Mining of Geological Conditions in Western Mining Area

  • 1. Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China;

  • 2. College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China;

  • 3. Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China;

  • 4. National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China;

  • 5. China Coal Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710054, China

摘要

    摘要
  • 摘要: 【目的】 煤炭在我国的主体能源地位短期内难以发生改变，是我国能源发展的兜底保障。煤炭资源大规模、高强度的开采损害煤矿区地质环境，同时导致突水、冲击地压等灾害。【方法】 围绕煤矿安全高效开采面临的地质环境损害预测预警难和减损开采保障压力大等难题，基于煤炭采动损害预测与减损地质保障多学科交叉特点，突出地质条件的控灾机理和采动致灾模式，强调煤炭开采模式与地质结构演化全时空多场响应，分析采动效应下地质条件物质场、能量场、信息场的耦合机制，厘清损害模式和预警信息关键参量的映射关系，形成安全高效开采的地质保障策略和减损控灾工程技术体系。【结果和结论】 研究思路为“孕灾环境→损害机制→过程响应→损害预测→防灾减损”，技术路线是“煤矿开采地质环境条件→地质结构演化规律及损害模式→多物理场演化全时空信息响应→损害监测及预测预警→减损保障工程技术”。核心内容包括：(1)剖析地质条件与致灾地质体的空间关系和成因联系，构建高精度的三维地质力学模型，阐明地质结构、开采条件和损害模式的映射关系，建立主控要素的特征参量数据库；(2)构建采动效应下的工程地质力学模型，研究开采方式、空间布局、采动速率等影响下地质条件结构时空演化特征和损害机制，提出考虑地质体关键结构破坏演化规律的损害模式判识方法；(3)获取采动过程地质结构演化背景下的全时空多源信息响应，提出主控参量作用下的损害模式识别标准，进而厘清裂隙场、应力场、渗流场与地球物理场信息参量的镜像关系，建立基于地质条件物质场、能量场和信息场耦合响应的全时空信息映射模型；(4)构建地面-钻孔-井下的全空间、多方位、主被动的一体化多源监测体系，提出煤矿采动损害预测模型和预报方法；(5)构建基于损害源、损害模式、损害动力、损害通道剖析以及减损技术与效果评价于一体的减损控灾体系，追求煤炭安全开采与地质环境保护协调发展，破解资源开发与地质环境制约之间的矛盾，为煤矿安全高效开采和防灾减损提供地质、力学、物理基础的科学依据。
    Abstract: [Objective] It is difficult to change the main energy status of coal in our country in the short term, which is the guarantee of our energy development. The large-scale and high-intensity mining of coal resources damages the geological environment of coal mining areas, and at the same time leads to disasters such as water inrush and rock burst. [Method] Based on the interdisciplinary characteristics of coal mining damage prediction and loss reduction geological support, highlighting the disaster control mechanism and mining induced disaster mode of geological conditions, emphasizing the multi temporal and multi field response of coal mining mode and geological structure evolution, analyzing the coupling mechanism of geological condition material field, energy field, and information field under mining effect, clarifying the mapping relationship between damage mode and key parameters of warning information, and forming a safe and efficient mining support strategy and loss reduction and disaster control engineering technology system. [Results and Conclusions] The research approach is "disaster prone environment →damage mechanism → process response → damage prediction → disaster prevention and reduction", and the technical route is "coal mining geological environment conditions → geological structure evolution laws and damage modes → multi physical field evolution full time and space information response → damage monitoring and prediction warning → loss reduction guarantee engineering technology". The core content includes: (1) analyzing the spatial relationship and genetic relationship between geological conditions and typical disaster causing geological bodies, constructing high-precision three-dimensional geomechanical models, clarify the mapping relationship between geological structure, mining conditions, and damage modes, and establish a database of characteristic parameters for the main control elements. (2) Construct an engineering geomechanical model under the mining effect, study the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and damage mechanisms of geological conditions structure under the influence of mining methods, spatial layout, mining rate, etc.; propose damage mode identification method that considers the evolution law of key structural failures in geological formations. (3) Obtain the response characteristics of multi-source information in the context of geological structure evolution during the mining process, propose damage pattern recognition standards under the influence of main control parameters; clarify the mirror relationship between fissure field, stress field, seepage field and geophysical field information parameters, and establish a comprehensive spatiotemporal information mapping model based on the coupling response of geological conditions material field, energy field, and information field. (4) Building a comprehensive, multi-directional, active and passive integrated multi-source monitoring system from the ground, drilling, and rapid analysis models, and propose intelligent prediction models and methods for coal mine mining damage. (5) Build a disaster reduction and control sy stem based on the analysis of damage sources, damage modes, damage dynamics, damage channels, and the evaluation of damage reduction technologies and effects, in order to pursue the coordinated development of coal safety mining and geological environment protection. This article deciphers the contradiction between resource development and geological environmental constraints, providing a scientific basis for safe and efficient coal mining, di saster prevention and loss reduction based on geology, mechanics, and physics.
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