Experimental study on high-pressure hydraulic percussive rotary drilling based on single-tooth rock-breaking process
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摘要:
针对煤矿井下穿层钻孔硬岩钻进效率低的难题，基于冲击回转钻进机理和Wassara高压液动冲击器主要特点，分析柱齿在冲击荷载下形成的破碎坑形态，并将其划分为崩解区、密实区、开裂区和弹性区。在此基础之上，对柱齿连续破岩的大间隔冲击和小间隔冲击2种情况进行过程分析，结合淮南潘三矿现场试验条件讨论高压液动冲击回转钻进工艺参数，优选高压液动冲击回转钻进配套钻机、冲击器、钻杆、钻头和清水泵，及主要技术参数。试验结果表明：当清水压力在15 MPa以上时，高压液动冲击回转钻进的平均机械钻速为24.67 m/h，与采用该技术之前的8.48 m/h机械钻速相比提高了约1.9倍；并采用回归分析拟合得到机械钻速与水压之间的线性关系，经过数理统计的F检验，F=8.82大于F0.05(1,7)，验证了回归结果是显著的，机械钻速随水压的增大而线性增大。高压液动冲击回转钻进技术可有效提高煤矿井下硬岩层钻进效率，保障煤矿安全高效生产。
Abstract:Aiming at the problem of low efficiency of hard rock drilling in crossing borehole in underground coal mine, the morphology of crushing pit formed by column tooth under the percussive load was analyzed based on the percussive rotary drilling mechanism and the main characteristics of Wassara high-pressure hydraulic impactor, and the crushing pit was divided into the four areas of disintegration area, compact area, crack area and elastic area. On this basis, process analysis was performed on the continuous tooth rock-breaking with large and small interval impact. Meanwhile, the technical parameters of high-pressure hydraulic percussive rotary drilling were discussed with reference to the field test conditions of Huainan Pansan Mine. The drilling rig, impactor, drill pipe, drill bit and clean water pump for high-pressure hydraulic percussive rotary drilling were selected preferably, for which the main technical parameters were given. The test results show that the average rate of penetration of high-pressure hydraulic percussive rotary drilling is 24.67 m/h at the clean water pressure above 15 MPa, which is about 1.9 times higher than that of 8.48 m/h without adopting this technology. Besides, the linear relationship between the rate of penetration and water pressure is obtained by regression analysis fitting. According to the F-test of mathematical statistics, the regression results are verified to be significant with F=8.82>F0.05(1,7) and the correlation coefficient, and the rate of penetration increases linearly with the increase of water pressure. Generally, the high-pressure hydraulic percussive rotary drilling technology could effectively improve the drilling efficiency of hard rock borehole in underground coal mine and ensure the safe and efficient production of coal mine.
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图 2 连续冲击破岩过程
T—第一次冲击位置；A—回转时柱齿缩退极限位置；B—大间隔第二次冲击位置；B'—小间隔第二次冲击位置
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the continuous rock-breaking process
表 1 不同柱齿中心距所需钻机最优转速
Table 1 Optimal speed of the column tooth at different radius positions
序号 柱齿中心距/mm 最优转速/(r·min−1) 1 50 57 2 40 72 3 30 96 4 20 143 
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表 2 钻机主要技术参数
Table 2 Main technical parameters of the drilling rig
参数 数值 参数 数值 额定转矩/(N·m) 4000 主轴通孔直径/mm 75 低转速档/(r·min−1) 20~60 主轴倾角/(°) ±90 高转速档/(r·min−1) 60~120 主轴方位角/(°) ±90 最大给进力/kN 123 最大起拔力/kN 155 行程/mm 600 最低开孔高度/mm 1250
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表 3 W80型高压液动冲击器主要技术参数
Table 3 Main technical parameters of the W80 high-pressure hydraulic impactor
参数 数值 参数 数值 长度/mm 1049 流量/(L·min−1) 70~270 直径/mm 91 冲击频率/Hz 60 质量/kg 32 推进力/kN 7~10 转矩/(N·m) 800~1500 钻杆外径/mm 73 清水压力/MPa 6~18 过滤精度/μm 50 配套钻头直径/mm 95/102 转速/(r·min−1) 60~100
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表 4 试验钻孔机械钻速
Table 4 Rate of penetration of the test drilling boreholes
序号 孔号 水压
/MPa进尺
/m机械钻速
/(m·h−1)备注 1 9-9 10 67 17.71 2 9-6 10 52 15.06 3 9-3 12 40 18.46 4 9-2 12 40 12.00 泵压不稳 5 5-9 15 63 27.94 6 5-6 15 43 19.11 孔内破碎 7 5-8 15 33 32.17 未穿过硬岩 8 8-5 15 47 26.83 9 补5-8 15 59 20.20 10 5-7 18 47 26.32 11 5-3 15 41 20.14
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