Improvement of shear strength and anti-disintegration performance of compacted loess
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摘要: 为提高黄土高原治沟造地区挖填体力学特性与水稳定性，开展石灰、纳米二氧化硅、聚丙烯纤维和瓜尔豆胶改良黄土强度和崩解试验研究，对比分析其综合改良效果。结果表明：单一材料改良黄土性能仅在某一方面效果提升明显，如石灰和纳米二氧化硅显著提高黄土抗剪强度，提升幅度分别为36.3%~250.6% 与9.0%~99.7%；但在提升黄土耐崩解性能方面改良效果有限；2种材料仅延缓了黄土崩解时间，对最终崩解量无影响。聚丙烯纤维和瓜尔豆胶显著提升黄土的耐崩解性，如瓜尔豆胶可将黄土的崩解率降低至11.5%以下，而聚丙烯纤维改良黄土较素黄土的崩解率降低幅度为11.2%~51.9%；但2种改良材料提升黄土强度性能效果不佳，强度提高幅度仅为1.5%~22.9%和2.8%~15.6%。石灰混合聚丙烯纤维、纳米二氧化硅混合聚丙烯纤维2类复合改良材料既提高黄土耐崩解性、又能提高黄土抗剪强度，克服了单一改良材料对黄土强度与耐崩解性综合性能提高有限的短板，达到黄土综合性能提高的改良目的；其中9%石灰混合0.6%聚丙烯纤维、2%纳米二氧化硅混合0.6%聚丙烯纤维2种复合材料掺比改良效果最优，使改良黄土抗剪强度最高分别提高了109.8%和68.3%、崩解率分别降低了61.3%和49.8%。Abstract: In order to improve the mechanical properties and water stability of loess in land reclamation of gully-hill areas on the Loess Plateau, an experimental study on the strength and disintegration of loess improved by lime, Nano-SiO2, polypropylene fiber and guar gum were carried out to compare and analyze their comprehensive improvement effect. The results show that the improvement effect of a single material is obvious in a certain aspect. For example, lime and Nano-SiO2 can significantly improve the shear strength of loess by 36.3%-250.6% and 9.0%-99.7% respectively. However, their improvement effect is limited in disintegration resistance of loess. The two materials only delay the disintegration process of the sample, and have no effect on the disintegration amount. Polypropylene fiber and guar gum can significantly improve the disintegration resistance of loess. For example, guar gum can reduce the final disintegration rate of loess to less than 11.5%, and the final disintegration rate of polypropylene fiber improved soil is 11.2%-51.9% lower than that of unmodified soil. But the two materials are not effective in improving the loess strength, with the increase in strength ranging from 1.5%-22.9% and 2.8%-15.6% respectively. The composite improved materials can overcome the shortcomings of a single material in the improvement of the strength and disintegration resistance of the loess, improving the comprehensive performance of loess. The results show that 9% lime mixed with 0.6% polypropylene fiber and 2% Nano-SiO2 mixed with 0.6% polypropylene fiber have the best improvement effect, increasing the shear strength of modified loess by 109.8% and 68.3% respectively and reducing its disintegration rate by 61.3% and 49.8% respectively.
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Key words:
- loess /
- Nano-SiO2 /
- guar gum /
- shear strength /
- disintegration
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图 1 不同法向应力下不同掺量石灰改良黄土剪应力–剪切位移曲线
Fig. 1 Shear stress-shear displacement curves of improved loess with different lime contents under different pressure
图 2 石灰改良黄土剪切刚度和破坏点位移随掺量变化
Fig. 2 Change of shear stiffness and failure point displacement of lime-improved loess with different concents
图 3 不同掺量石灰改良黄土强度变化
Fig. 3 Changes of shear strength of lime-improved loess with different concents
图 4 纳米二氧化硅改良黄土剪应力–剪切位移曲线
Fig. 4 Shear stress-shear displacement curves of loess improved by nano silica Nano-SiO2
图 5 不同掺量纳米二氧化硅改良黄土剪切刚度变化
Fig. 5 Changes of shear stiffness of loess improved by Nano-SiO2 with different concents
图 6 不同掺量纳米二氧化硅改良黄土强度变化
Fig. 6 Changes of shear strength of improved loess with different Nano-SiO2 contents
图 7 聚丙烯纤维改良黄土剪应力–剪切位移曲线
Fig. 7 Shear stress-shear displacement curves of loess improved by polypropylene fiber
图 8 不同掺量聚丙烯纤维改良黄土强度变化
Fig. 8 Changes of shear strength of improved loess with different polypropylene fiber contents
图 9 瓜尔豆胶改良黄土剪应力–剪切位移曲线
Fig. 9 Shear stress-shear displacement curves of loess improved by guar gum
图 10 不同掺量瓜尔豆胶改良黄土抗剪强度变化
Fig. 10 Changes of shear strength of improved loess with different guar gum contents
图 11 不同掺量石灰改良黄土崩解性指标变化
Fig. 11 Changes of disintegration index of lime-improved loess with different contents
图 12 不同掺量纳米二氧化硅改良黄土崩解性指标变化
Fig. 12 Changes of disintegration index of improved loess with different Nano-SiO2 concents
图 13 不同掺量聚丙烯纤维改良黄土崩解性指标变化
Fig. 13 Changes of disintegration index of improved loess with different polypropylene fiber concents
图 14 瓜尔豆胶改良黄土崩解率变化
Fig. 14 Changes of disintegration index of loess improved by guar gum
图 15 改良黄土抗剪强度比值与掺量系数关系
Fig. 15 Relationship between shear strength ratio and admixture coefficient of improved loess
图 16 改良黄土试样崩解特性与掺量系数关系
Fig. 16 Relationship between disintegration characteristics of improved loess samples and admixture coefficient
图 17 改良黄土综合改良效果评价
Fig. 17 Evaluation on comprehensive improvement effect of improved loess
图 18 9%石灰+不同掺量聚丙烯纤维改良黄土崩解性
Fig. 18 The disintegration of loess improved by 9% lime and different fiber contents
图 19 石灰–聚丙烯纤维改良黄土抗剪强度对比
Fig. 19 Comparison of shear strength of lime-polypropylene fiber improved loess
图 20 2%纳米二氧化硅+不同掺量聚丙烯纤维改良黄土崩解性
Fig. 20 The disintegration of loess improved by 2% Nano-SiO2 and different fiber contents
图 21 纳米二氧化硅–聚丙烯纤维改良黄土抗剪强度对比
Fig. 21 Comparison of shear strength of(Nano-SiO2)- polypropylene fiber improved loess
表 1 土料基本物理性质指标
Table 1 Basic physical property index of soil material
天然含水率/% 天然密度/(g·cm –3) 塑限WP/% 液限WL/% 塑性指数IP 9.80 1.61 14.52 29.83 15.31 
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表 2 试验方案
Table 2 Test scheme
试验类型 改良材料 材料掺量 单一材料改良 石灰 3%、6%、9%、12% 纳米二氧化硅 0.6%、1%、2%、3% 聚丙烯纤维 0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8% 瓜尔豆胶 0.25%、0.50%、0.75%、1.00% 复合材料改良 石灰+聚丙烯纤维 9%石灰+0.2%纤维
9%石灰+0.4%纤维
9%石灰+0.6%纤维
9%石灰+0.8%纤维纳米二氧化硅+聚丙烯纤维 2%纳米SiO2+0.2%纤维
2%纳米SiO2+0.4%纤维
2%纳米SiO2+0.6%纤维
2%纳米SiO2+0.8%纤维
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