鄂尔多斯盆地北部深埋煤层工作面涌水量预测方法

杨建; 王皓; 梁向阳; 黄浩

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2021.04.022

鄂尔多斯盆地北部深埋煤层工作面涌水量预测方法

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2021.04.022

杨建^{1, 2,},
王皓^{1, 2},
梁向阳^{1, 2},
黄浩^{1, 2}

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41302214

中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司科技创新基金面上项目 2018XAYMS03

详细信息

第一作者:
杨建，1979年生，男，江苏盐城人，博士/博士后，研究员，从事煤矿防治水研究. E-mail：yangjian@cctegxian.com

中图分类号: TD742⁺.1
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- 文章访问数: 151
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-11
- 修回日期: 2021-04-30
- 发布日期: 2021-08-25
- 网络出版日期: 2021-09-10

Water inflow forecasting method of deep buried coal working face in northern Ordos Basin, China

YANG Jian^{1, 2
,},
WANG Hao^{1, 2},
LIANG Xiangyang^{1, 2},
HUANG Hao^{1, 2}

摘要

摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地北部侏罗纪深埋区中生代地层以河流相沉积为主，呈分阶段的多旋回演化特点，导致煤层顶板含隔水层交替分布；由于地表大部分为毛乌素沙漠，降水入渗补给系数大，第四系松散层储水能力强，充足的补给水源造成煤层顶板直接充水含水层富水性较强，其中最主要的充水含水层为七里镇砂岩，以七里镇砂岩为关键层，将煤层至七里镇砂岩概化为一个直接充水含水层。承压水井大降深抽水时，当井中水位低于含水层顶板，井附近的含水层会出现无压水流区，形成承压–无压水井，采用分段法计算流向井的流量，包括无压水区和承压水区。实际工作面回采过程中，井中水位已降低至煤层底板；传统的承压–无压水井公式假设条件为井径较小(≤m级)，而实际工作面回采过程中，随着覆岩导水裂隙带对七里镇砂岩关键充水含水层的破坏，导致整个煤层顶板形成巨大的采空区疏水井(10²~10³ m级)，且该采空区疏水井半径逐渐增大，传统公式适用性不高。基于《地下水动力学》中的承压–无压水井公式，结合鄂尔多斯盆地北部深埋煤炭开采过程中采空区疏水井演化过程，建立适合于深埋区开采扰动下的采空区疏水井承压–无压水公式；以葫芦素煤矿首采工作面为研究对象，利用地质勘探和井下揭露获得的相关水文地质参数，计算葫芦素煤矿首采工作面回采过程中涌水量。结果表明：工作面回采初期，由于导水裂隙带未充分发育，尚未沟通七里镇砂岩，此阶段实际涌水量偏小；中后期导水裂隙带发育至七里镇砂岩，涌水量计算值与实际值较为接近，证明深埋煤层工作面涌水量计算公式可较准确地预测研究区工作面回采过程中的涌水量。本次建立的深埋工作面涌水量计算公式，广泛适用于我国西部侏罗纪煤田区，可为深埋煤田区煤炭资源安全开采提供科学的水害防治依据。
- 深埋工作面涌水量计算公式 /
- 巨型疏水井 /
- 砂泥岩互层结构 /
- 影响半径 /
- 鄂尔多斯盆地北部
Abstract: The Mesozoic strata are mainly fluvial deposits in the Jurassic deep buried area of northern Ordos Basin, which are characterized by multi-cycle evolution in stages, resulting in alternate distribution of the aquifer-bearing seams on the coal seam roof. As the surface is mostly covered by Mu Us Desert, the rainfall infiltration recharge coefficient is large, and the water storage capacity of Quaternary loosen stratum is strong. The sufficient water-filling recharge source causes the water-rich aquifers on the roof of coal seams, among which the main water-filled aquifer is Qilizhen sandstone aquifer. In this study, Qilizhen sandstone aquifer is taken as the key layer, and generalized as a direct water-filled aquifer. When the water level in a confined well is lower than the roof of the aquifer, there would be no pressure flow zone in the aquifer near the well, forming a confined-phreatic well. Segmentation method is used to calculate the flow to well, including non-pressurized and confined water areas. However, in mining process of the working face, the water level in the well has been reduced to the floor of the coal seam. The traditional formula of confined- phreatic wells is based on the assumption that the diameter of wells is small(< 1 m). In mining process of the working face, with the destruction of the key water-filled aquifer(Qilizhen sandstone aquifer) by the water-conducting fracture zone of overburden, a huge drainage well is formed on the roof of the whole coal seam(10²-10³m). As the radius of the well increases with the goaf, the traditional formula is inapplicable. Based on the confined-phreatic well formula in Groundwater Dynamics, combined with the evolution process of the drain wells in the goaf during deep coal mining in northern Ordos Basin, a confined-phreatic well formula suitable for drain wells under mining disturbance in deep buried areas is established. Taking the first mining face of Hulusu Coal Mine as the research object, this paper uses the relevant hydrogeological parameters obtained from geological exploration and underground exposure to calculate the water inflow. The calculation results show that in the initial stage of working face mining, the actual water inflow is relatively small as the water flowing fracture zone has not communicated with Qilizhen sandstone aquifer due to the insufficient development of the zone. In the middle and later stage, the water flowing fracture zone develops to Qilizhen sandstone aquifer, and the calculated water inflow is close to the actual value, which proves that the formula for calculating the water inflow at the working face of deep-buried coal can accurately predict the water inflow in the mining process of the working face in the study area. The formula established in this study is applicable to the roof water hazard areas of Jurassic Coalfields in Western China, and provides scientific basis for water hazard prevention and control for safe mining of coal resources in deep-buried coalfields.
- formula for calculating water inflow in deep buried working face /
- giant drainage well /
- interbed structure of sandstone and mudstone /
- radius of influence /
- northern Ordos Basin

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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地北部侏罗纪煤炭深埋区位置及范围

Fig. 1 Location and scope of Jurassic coal deep-buried area in northern Ordos Basin

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图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地北部侏罗纪煤炭深埋区地层柱状图

Fig. 2 Stratigraphic column of Jurassic coal deep-buried area in northern Ordos Basin

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图 3 煤层开采过程中承压–无压水井变化特征

Fig. 3 Variation characteristics of confined-phreatic wells during coal mining

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图 4 工作面回采过程中涌水量计算值和实测值

Fig. 4 Calculated and measured values of water inflow during mining

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表 1 七里镇砂岩含水层分布特征

Table 1 Distribution characteristics of Qilizhen sandstone aquifer

矿井	七里镇砂岩
矿井	与煤层距离/m	厚度/m
纳林河二号	77.4~109.4	15.9~51.3
巴彦高勒	75.0~95.4	23.5~63.5
母杜柴登	65.2~75.1	17.7~75.2
门克庆	31.5~59.9	17.0~46.8
葫芦素	60.3~80.1	4.3~6.5

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表 2 工作面顶板地层渗透系数

Table 2 Permeability coefficient of roof strata in working face

阶段	抽水试验孔	渗透系数/(m·d^–1)	渗透系数平均值/(m·d^–1)
煤田勘探	HK22、H28	0.022 4~0.053 6	0.054 9
井检孔	检2	0.027 1~0.033 0
水文补勘	H1、H2、H3、H4、H5、H6、H7、H8、H9、H10、HD1	0.002 0~0.089 5
工作面顶板钻孔	G5、G6、G8	0.064 6~0.272 9

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表 3 工作面水文地质参数及涌水量预测结果

Table 3 Hydrogeological parameters and prediction results of water inflow of working face

R₀/m	L/m	r_w/m	R/m	Q/(m³·h^–1)	Q_c/(m³·h^–1)
1 124.7	300	174.8	1 299.5	309.7	239
	600	247.2	1 371.9	362.6	357
	800	285.5	1 410.1	389.0	377
	1 100	334.7	1 459.4	422.0	380
	1 500	390.9	1 515.6	458.5	390
	2 000	451.4	1 576.0	496.9	495
	2 500	504.6	1 629.3	530.1	530
	3 000	552.8	1 677.5	559.7	564
	3 500	597.1	1 721.8	586.7	585
	4 000	638.3	1 763.0	611.6	613

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