Spatial-temporal distribution of outburst accidents from 2001 to 2020 in China and suggestions for prevention and control
-
摘要: 防治煤与瓦斯突出是保障煤矿安全高效开采和国家能源稳定供应的前提条件。近期频发的煤矿瓦斯突出事故(2021年3月25日左权煤矿突出事故、4月9日东风煤矿突出事故)造成12人死亡，再次表明实现“零突出”的目标还有非常艰巨的路程要走。针对当前突出机理不清、突出事故频发现状，开展我国2001—2020年突出事故统计分析，数据显示，20年共发生突出事故484起、死亡3 195人，尽管近年来突出事故得到有效控制，然而在煤矿事故中仍处于相对较高水平且愈加突显。在此基础上，进一步从突出事故等级、发生地点、发生时间等方面分析2011—2020年突出事故时空分布规律，结果表明：12个省(直辖市)近10年共发生突出事故93起、死亡645人，其中较大突出事故持续占据主导地位、特别重大突出事故死亡人数常年居高不下、一般突出事故占比逐渐上升；突出事故具有“分布范围广、分布较为集中、南多北少、南重北轻”的地域分布特点，其中贵州省、湖南省、云南省、河南省4省最为严重，累计占总事故起数和死亡人数的68%和79%；突出事故集中发生在每年的5—7月和11—12月，每月的4—6日、15—17日和28—29日，每日的1—2时、5—6时、10—12时和17—20时等时段。针对突出事故呈现出高低交替的周期性发展规律，从安全管理的角度指出，必须将防突措施落实到每一天、每一班的生产中，越是突出事故低发期，越要加强安全管理，长期保持“安全意识增强—事故低发期—安全意识增强”的良性循环是突出防控的核心思路。Abstract: Prevention and control of coal and gas outburst is a prerequisite to ensure the safe and efficient mining of coal mines and the stable supply of national energy. Two outburst accidents(Zuoquan Coal Mine outburst accident on March 25 and Dongfeng Coal Mine outburst accident on April 9) occurred in 2021 resulting in 12 deaths, indicating that there is still a very difficult way to go before we achieve the goal of "zero outburst". In view of the current situation of unclear outburst mechanism and frequent outburst accidents, this paper makes statistics data of outburst accidents in China from 2001 to 2020. There were 484 outburst accidents and 3 195 deaths in the past 20 years. Although the outburst accidents have been effectively controlled in recent years, they are still at a relatively high level and more prominent in coal mine accidents. The spatial-temporal distribution law of outburst accidents in China from 2011 to 2020 is further analyzed from the aspects of the grade, place and time of outburst accidents. The results show that there were 93 outburst accidents and 645 deaths in 12 provinces, among which the major outburst accidents continue to dominate, and the death toll of extraordinarily major outburst accidents remains high throughout the year, and the proportion of general outburst accidents increases gradually. The outburst accidents are characterized by "wide and concentrated distribution, more cases and more serious in the south of China". Guizhou Province, Hunan Province, Yunnan Province and Henan Province are the most serious provinces, accounting for 68% and 79% of the total number of accidents and death toll. The outburst accidents mainly occur in May to July and November to December every year, on the 4th-6th, 15th-17th and 28th-29th of each month, 1-2 o'clock, 5-6 o'clock, 10-12 o'clock and 17-20 o'clock every day. The outburst accidents present the periodic development law of high and low alternation. From the perspective of safety management, the outburst prevention measures must be implemented in every day and every shift of production, and the safety management should be strengthened in the period of low incidence of outburst accidents. The long-term virtuous cycle of "enhancing safety awareness-low incidence of accidents-enhancing safety awareness" is the core concept of outburst prevention and control.
-
图 1 2001—2020年煤炭产量、煤矿事故死亡人数及百万吨死亡率
Fig. 1 Coal production, coal mine accident deaths and death rate per million tons from 2001 to 2020
图 2 2001—2020年突出事故起数、死亡人数及平均死亡人数
Fig. 2 The number of outburst accidents, death toll and average death toll from 2001 to 2020
图 3 2011—2020年不同等级突出事故起数与死亡人数的占比
Fig. 3 The proportion of number and death toll of outburst accidents under different grades from 2011 to 2020
图 4 2011—2020年全国各省份突出事故起数和死亡人数统计
Fig. 4 Statistics on outburst accidents number and death toll in various provinces of China from 2011 to 2020
图 5 2011—2020年全国突出事故起数与死亡人数及平均死亡人数分布
Fig. 5 Distribution of outburst accidents number, death toll and average death toll of China from 2011 to 2020
图 6 2011—2020年突出事故起数和死亡人数的日期分布
Fig. 6 Date distribution of the number and death toll of outburst accidents from 2011 to 2020
图 7 2011—2020年突出事故起数和死亡人数的时段分布雷达图
Fig. 7 Time distribution radar chart of the number and death toll of outburst accidents from 2011 to 2020
表 1 2011—2020年突出事故统计数据
Table 1 Statistical data of outburst accidents from 2011 to 2020
年度 一般事故 较大事故 重大事故 特别重大事故 合计 起数 死亡人数 起数 死亡人数 起数 死亡人数 起数 死亡人数 起数 死亡人数 2011 2 4 16 98 4 58 1 43 23 203 2012 0 0 12 57 2 40 0 0 14 97 2013 2 2 7 42 3 49 0 0 12 93 2014 0 0 5 26 3 33 0 0 8 59 2015 1 2 8 36 1 13 0 0 10 51 2016 1 2 2 8 1 23 0 0 5 33 2017 1 2 3 12 1 12 0 0 5 26 2018 4 7 2 9 1 13 0 0 7 29 2019 2 3 4 20 1 16 0 0 7 39 2020 0 0 2 15 0 0 0 0 2 15 合计 13 22 61 323 17 257 1 43 93 645 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 国家统计局. 中华人民共和国2020年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R]. 2021-02-28. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb./202102/t20210227_1814154.htmlNational Bureau of Statistics. Statistical bulletin of national economic and social development of the people's republic of China in 2020[R]. 2021-02-28. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb./202102/t20210227_1814154.html [2] 刘峰, 曹文君, 张建明, 等. 我国煤炭工业科技创新进展及"十四五"发展方向[J]. 煤炭学报, 2021, 46(1): 1–15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202101001.htmLIU Feng, CAO Wenjun, ZHANG Jianming, et al. Current technological innovation and development direction of the 14th Five-Year Plan period in China coal industry[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2021, 46(1): 1–15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202101001.htm [3] 中华人民共和国应急管理部. 2020年全国煤矿发生事故123起、死亡228人[EB/OL]. 2021-01-29. https://www.chinanews.com/gn/2021/01-29/9399572.htmlMinistry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China. In 2020, there were 123 accidents and 228 deaths in coal mines nationwide[EB/OL]. 2021-01-29. https://www.chinanews.com/gn/2021/01-29/9399572.html [4] 李淑玉, 郭增乐, 常可可, 等. 中美煤矿安全监察执法对比研究[J]. 安全, 2019, 40(8): 61–64. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ANQU201908016.htmLI Shuyu, GUO Zengle, CHANG Keke, et al. A comparative study of coal mine safety supervision and law enforcement between China and the United States[J]. Safety & Security, 2019, 40(8): 61–64. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ANQU201908016.htm [5] 张超林, 许江, 彭守建, 等. 煤与瓦斯突出物理模拟实验研究进展及展望[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2018, 46(4): 28–34.. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2018.04.005ZHANG Chaolin, XU Jiang, PENG Shoujian, et al. Advances and prospects in physical simulation of coal and gas outburst[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2018, 46(4): 28–34.. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2018.04.005 [6] 张超林, 彭守建, 许江, 等. 煤与瓦斯突出过程中气压时空演化规律[J]. 岩土力学, 2017, 38(1): 81–90. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX201701012.htmZHANG Chaolin, PENG Shoujian, XU Jiang, et al. Temporospatial evolution of gas pressure during coal and gas outburst[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2017, 38(1): 81–90. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX201701012.htm [7] 李希建, 林柏泉. 煤与瓦斯突出机理研究现状及分析[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2010, 38(1): 7–13.. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2010.01.002LI Xijian, LIN Baiquan. Status of research and analysis on coal and gas outburst mechanism[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2010, 38(1): 7–13.. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2010.01.002 [8] 李润求, 施式亮, 念其锋, 等. 近10年我国煤矿瓦斯灾害事故规律研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2011, 21(9): 143–151.. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3033.2011.09.024LI Runqiu, SHI Shiliang, NIAN Qifeng, et al. Research on coalmine gas accident rules in China in recent decade[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2011, 21(9): 143–151.. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3033.2011.09.024 [9] 刘明举, 孟磊, 魏建平. 近年煤与瓦斯突出的统计特性及其防范措施[J]. 煤矿安全, 2009, 30(7): 73–76. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MKAQ200907029.htmLIU Mingju, MENG Lei, WEI Jianping. The statistical characteristics of coal and gas outbursts and its protective measures in recent years[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2009, 30(7): 73–76. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MKAQ200907029.htm [10] 李希建, 徐明智. 近年我国煤与瓦斯突出事故统计分析及其防治措施[J]. 矿山机械, 2010, 38(10): 13–16. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KSJX201010006.htmLI Xijian, XU Mingzhi. Statistics and analysis of domestic coal and gas outburst accidents in recent years and prevention measures[J]. Mining & Processing Equipment, 2010, 38(10): 13–16. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KSJX201010006.htm [11] 殷文韬, 傅贵, 曾广霞, 等. 我国近年煤与瓦斯突出事故统计分析及防治策略[J]. 矿业安全与环保, 2012, 39(6): 90–92.. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-4495.2012.06.029YIN Wentao, FU Gui, ZENG Guangxia, et al. Statistic analysis on gas-outburst accident and preventive measures in the recent years[J]. Mining Safety & Environmental Protection, 2012, 39(6): 90–92.. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-4495.2012.06.029 [12] 李波, 王凯, 魏建平, 等. 2001—2012年我国煤与瓦斯突出事故基本特征及发生规律研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2013, 13(3): 274–278. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-AQHJ201303063.htmLI Bo, WANG Kai, WEI Jianping, et al. On the basic characteristic features and incidental regularity of coal and gas outbursts in China since from 2001 to 2012[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2013, 13(3): 274–278. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-AQHJ201303063.htm [13] 杨涛, 刘锦伟. 2010—2015年我国煤与瓦斯突出事故发生时空分布规律研究[J]. 华北科技学院学报, 2016, 13(6): 96–100. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBKJ201606021.htmYANG Tao, LIU Jinwei. Study on the rules of time and spatial distribution of coal and gas outburst accidents in China during 2010-2015[J]. Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology, 2016, 13(6): 96–100. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBKJ201606021.htm [14] 司鹄, 赵剑楠, 胡千庭. 大数据理论下的煤与瓦斯突出事故致因分析[J]. 西安科技大学学报, 2018, 38(4): 515–522. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XKXB201804002.htmSI Hu, ZHAO Jiannan, HU Qianting. Analysis of causes of coal and gas outburst accidents based on big data theory[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 2018, 38(4): 515–522. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XKXB201804002.htm [15] 王恩元, 汪浩, 刘晓斐, 等. 水力冲孔孔洞周围煤体地应力和瓦斯时空演化规律[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2020, 48(1): 39–45. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTKJ202001005.htmWANG Enyuan, WANG Hao, LIU Xiaofei, et al. Spatio temporal evolution of geostress and gas field around hydraulic punching borehole in coal seam[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2020, 48(1): 39–45. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTKJ202001005.htm [16] 汪北方, 梁冰, 张晶, 等. 红山煤矿石门揭突出煤层综合防突技术[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2019, 47(5): 86–93. http://mdkt.cbpt.cnki.net/WKD/WebPublication/paperDigest.aspx?paperID=7c1b4d72-2758-4dc0-b1a7-7b8e57c083b1WANG Beifang, LIANG Bing, ZHANG Jing, et al. Comprehensive outburst prevention technology of outburst-prone coal seam uncovered by crossdrift in Hongshan coal mine[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2019, 47(5): 86–93. http://mdkt.cbpt.cnki.net/WKD/WebPublication/paperDigest.aspx?paperID=7c1b4d72-2758-4dc0-b1a7-7b8e57c083b1 [17] 张超林, 许江, 彭守建, 等. 煤与瓦斯突出及其防控物理模拟试验研究[M]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学出版社, 2020.ZHANG Chaolin, XU Jiang, PENG Shoujian, et al. Physical simulation experiment on coal and gas outburst and its prevention and control[M]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology Press, 2020. [18] 郑德志, 任世华. 我国煤矿安全生产发展历程及演进趋势[J]. 能源与环保, 2019, 41(11): 1–6. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZZMT201911002.htmZHENG Dezhi, REN Shihua. Development history and evolution trend of coal mine safety production in China[J]. China Energy and Environmental Protection, 2019, 41(11): 1–6. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZZMT201911002.htm [19] 李扬飞. 贵州省煤与瓦斯突出事故统计分析及防范措施[J]. 煤炭技术, 2013, 32(4): 8–9. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTJS201304054.htmLI Yangfei. Statistic analysis on coal and gas outburst accidents and prevent measures in Guizhou Province[J]. Coal Technology, 2013, 32(4): 8–9. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTJS201304054.htm [20] 王伟, 李昱, 李贤功. 2010–2018年煤矿瓦斯事故时空耦合关联分析[J]. 煤矿安全, 2020, 51(5): 177–182. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MKAQ202005038.htmWANG Wei, LI Yu, LI Xiangong. Spatial-temporal coupling association analysis of coal mine gas accidents from 2010 to 2018[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2020, 51(5): 177–182. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MKAQ202005038.htm -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(7) / 表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 532
- HTML全文浏览量: 18
- PDF下载量: 109
- 被引次数: 0
