Abstract: With the implementation of China's energy supply-side structural reform and coal production capacity policy, the number of coal mines closed in China is increasing year by year, and how to transform the industry after the closure of coal mines has become an urgent problem. Most of the closed coal mines are concentrated in coal resource-based cities, and the development of closed coal mines is inseparable from the development of coal resource-based cities. The selection of their advantageous industries should be consistent with the direction of industrial transformation of the cities where they are located, so as to to make effective use of the closed coal resources and promote high-quality development of the local economy. Therefore, according to the new structural economics theory, the coupling coordination degree model was employed to analyze the coupling coordination degree and classification of factor endowment structure and industrial structure of coal resources cities, and finally the path of industrial green transformation after the closure of coal industry was put forward. The results show that from 2010 to 2018, the coupling coordination degree of 18 prefecture-level coal resources cities is between 0.4 and 0.9, of which reluctant coordination and primary coordination were domiant, while there are few well-coordinated cities. However, after 2016, the coupling coordination degree of factor endowment structure and industrial structure is deteriorating, and the industrial structure is in urgent need of transformation and optimization. Among them, while the proportion of the primary and secondary industries is gradually reduced, the closed coal mines with grudging coordination should also give priority to developing or undertaking labor-intensive industries in developed regions according to their own factor endowment structure. In the process of gradually reducing the proportion of secondary industry and increasing the proportion of tertiary industry, the primary coordinated closed coal mine should give priority to the development of capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries, and it is necessary to increase the input of human and material capital and constantly improve the level of technological innovation. Intermediate and well-coordinated closed coal mines should develop capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries while vigorously developing the tertiary industry, but they need more manpower and material capital input, as well as higher technological innovation level. In conclusion, in the process of industrial green transformation, the closure of coal mines requires the “promising” government to provide financial and policy support in terms of personnel, assets, technology, land, transportation, water supply, communication and other software and infrastructure, so as to make the industry have a strong competitive advantage and promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.