Development and test analysis of borehole in-situ rock mass shear measurement system
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摘要: 预钻式岩体剪切测量系统可以测量矿山原位岩体的内摩擦角和黏聚力，与传统室内试验和现场测试相比，该测试方法可以最大限度保持岩体本质状态，方便快捷获取测试数据。首先阐述了系统整体设计思路，并成功研制出预钻式原位岩体剪切仪设备，搭建了数据采集存储软件平台；其次，基于剪切仪的工作原理，通过配套完整的测量系统试验装置，制定了试验数据处理方法和试验步骤；最后为验证系统方法的工程适用性，对测量系统进行了标定试验，并在混凝土平台进行了岩体侵入试验与剪切试验。剪切试验结果与室内直剪试验相比，内摩擦角小24.77%~41.33%，黏聚力小13.11%~32.84%。针对试验结果的差异性，从仪器设备和试验方式进行了分析，指出试验误差主要来源于设备剪切加载方式的变化和岩体直剪试验方法的不同。研究结果为矿山原位岩体力学参数的准确测量提供了新的思路和方法，也为后续系统的改进设计提供借鉴参考。Abstract: The pre-drilled rock shear measurement system can measure the internal friction angle and cohesion of in-situ rock in mines. Compared with the traditional laboratory test and field tests, such method can keep the essential state of rock mass to the maximum extent, and obtain the test data conveniently and quickly. Firstly, the overall design idea of the system was elaborated, and the pre-drilled in-situ rock shear equipment was successfully developed and the data acquisition and storage software platform was built. Secondly, the test data processing method was developed, based on the working principle of the shearing instrument, and the specific test procedures were formulated by supporting a complete measurement system test device. Finally, in order to verify the engineering applicability of the system method, a calibration test was carried out on the measurement system, and a rock mass intrusion test and shear test were carried out on the concrete platform. Compared with the indoor direct shear test, the shear test results show that the internal friction angle is 24.77%-41.33% smaller, and the cohesive force is 13.11%-32.84% smaller. In view of the difference of the test results, the instrument equipment and test methods are analyzed. It is pointed out that the test errors mainly come from the change of equipment shear loading mode and the difference of rock mass direct shear test method. The research results provide new ideas and methods for the accurate measurement of mechanical parameters of mine rock masses, and also provide references for subsequent system improvement design.
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Key words:
- borehole shear test /
- in-situ test /
- shear strength /
- internal friction angle /
- cohesion
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图 1 原位岩体剪切测量系统总体模块
Fig. 1 The overall module design of the in-situ rock mass shear measurement system
图 2 预钻式原位岩体剪切仪结构
Fig. 2 Structure diagram of the pre-drilled in-situ rock shear apparatus
图 7 现场试验概况
1—钻机动力头；2—剪切仪；3—局部放大；4—弹性片；5—弹性片延展缝隙；6—楔形刀具；7—钻孔
Fig. 7 The overview of the field test
表 1 原位钻孔剪切仪各阶段分级压力增量
Table 1 Graded pressure increments for each stage of the in-situ borehole shear
阶段 压力范围/MPa 分级压力增量/MPa 初期 <1 0.1 中期 1~4 0.1~0.5 末期 >4 1.0 
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表 2 原位钻孔剪切仪各阶段分级压力增量
Table 2 Graded pressure increments for each stage of the in-situ borehole shear
工况 黏聚力/MPa 内摩擦角/(°) 相关系数R2 钻孔
剪切1孔 5.739 3 11.91 0.995 7 2孔 4.839 3 10.32 0.994 3 均值 5.289 3 11.12 0.995 0 室内
直剪1孔 6.605 6 15.83 0.992 3 2孔 7.205 4 17.59 0.990 9 均值 6.905 4 16.71 0.991 6
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