Directional drilling technology and equipment for gas drainage in large panel of underground coal mines
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摘要: 以顺煤层超长定向钻孔组覆盖整个工作面,对矿井大盘区瓦斯进行采前预抽是区域瓦斯治理的新模式。从大盘区瓦斯抽采顺煤层超长定向钻孔施工工艺出发,介绍了顺煤层超长定向钻孔成孔的几大关键技术,包括钻孔递进式轨迹延伸技术、复合钻进轨迹控制技术、水力加压减阻钻进技术、正反扭转减阻钻进技术及复合侧钻分支技术等。还介绍了顺煤层超长定向钻孔施工的主要配套装备,包括ZDY15000LD大功率定向钻机、BLY460/13泥浆泵车、YHD3-3000泥浆脉冲测量系统、无缆大通孔钻杆、水力加压螺杆马达等。利用该技术与装备在保德矿二盘区进行了工程示范应用,应用结果表明,该套工艺技术与装备具备施工长度超过3 300 m顺煤层超长定向钻孔能力。最后对瓦斯抽采效果进行了分析,结果显示超长定向钻孔抽采周期长,抽采量高,可以对大盘区瓦斯进行超前综合治理。Abstract: In recent years, with the progress of directional drilling technology and equipment in underground coal mines, a new model of advanced and comprehensive control of gas in the large panel of Baode Coal Mine is formed by covering the whole work with ultra-long directional drilling along the coal seam, hence the panel of the unexcavated roadway can be fully pre-pumped in advance to avoid gas overrun. As gas extraction in large panel requires a single construction along the coal seam borehole to run through the whole working face length, this paper starts from the construction technology of ultra-long directional drilling along the seam, introduces several key techniques of ultra-long directional drilling along coal seam, including progressive drilling trajectory extension technology, compound drilling trajectory control technology, hydraulic pressure drag reduction drilling technology, forward and reverse torsional drag reduction drilling technology and compound sidetracking branching technology and so on. It also introduces the main equipment for the construction of ultra-long directional drilling along coal seam, such as ZDY15000LD high power directional drill, BLY460/13 mud pump truck, YHD3-3000 mud pulse measuring system, wireless large hole drill pipe, hydraulic pressure screw motor and so on. The technology and equipment of ultra-long directional drilling for gas drainage along coal seam in large area are demonstrated and applied in the second block of Baode Mine. The application results show that this set of technology and equipment is capable of constructing ultra-long directional boreholes with a length of more than 3 300 m down the coal seam. Finally, the gas extraction effect is investigated, and the results show that the ultra-long directional borehole has a long extraction period and a high extraction amount, which can provide comprehensive gas management in the large pannl area in advance.
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表 1 ZDY15000LD钻机主要技术参数
Table 1 Main technical parameters of ZDY15000LD drilling rig
性能 参数 额定转矩/(N·m) 15 000 额定转速/(r·min−1) 50~150 额定压力/MPa 28 制动转矩/(N·m) 3 000 最大给进、起拔力/kN 30 给进、起拔行程/mm 1 200 表 2 BLY460/13泥浆泵车主要技术参数
Table 2 Main technical parameters of BLY460/13 mud pump truck
性能 参数 额定流量/(L·min−1) 460 额定压力/MPa 13 进水口直径/mm 76 出水口直径/mm 32 表 3 YHD3-3000T探管主要技术参数
Table 3 Main technical parameters of YHD3-3000T probe tube
性能 参数 传输距离/m ≥3 000 倾角允许误差/(°) ±0.2 方位允许误差/(°) ±1.5 工具面允许误差/(°) ±1.5 适应排量/(L·min−1) 90~300 工作时间/d ≥30 最高承压/MPa ≥12 泥浆信号强度/MPa ≥0.1 表 4 ø89 mm无缆大通孔钻杆主要技术参数
Table 4 Main technical parameters of ø89 mm unwired large hole drill pipe
性能 参数 抗扭能力/(N·m) ≥36 000 抗拉能力/kN ≥1 300 杆体内通径/mm 78 接头内通径/mm 58 表 5 ø89 mm水力加压螺杆马达主要技术参数
Table 5 Main technical parameters of 89 mm hydraulic pressure screw motor
性能 参数 头数 7∶8 级数 5 定子长度/m 2.1 转子长度/m 1.85 排量/(L·min−1) 300~460 转速/(r·min−1) 90~126 工作转矩/(N·m) 804 最大转矩/(N·m) 1 206 表 6 顺煤层超长定向钻孔信息
Table 6 Demonstration of ultra-long directional drilling along coal seam
主孔深
度/m总孔
深/m孔径/
mm分支孔 纯钻时
间/d复合钻进
比例/%日均进
尺/m探顶
次数探底
次数2 311 3 094 120 15 0 18 65.0 172 2 570 3 164 120 8 4 16 76.0 198 3 353 4 428 120 10 3 21 91.5 210 -
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