煤矿井下钻孔内瓦斯浓度监测传感器研制

丛琳

doi:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.21.05.0277

煤矿井下钻孔内瓦斯浓度监测传感器研制

doi: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.21.05.0277

丛琳

基金项目: 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JQ-949)；国家自然科学基金面上项目(42074175)

详细信息

第一作者:
丛琳，1990年生，女，山东威海人，硕士，从事物探仪器研发工作. E-mail：conglin@cctegxian.com

中图分类号: V249
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-21
- 修回日期: 2021-09-02
- 发布日期: 2022-02-01
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-15

Development of a methane concentration monitoring sensor in underground boreholes of coal mines

CONG Lin

摘要

摘要: 当前，煤矿井下钻孔作业时，瓦斯监测系统只能反映钻孔孔口处瓦斯抽采量，无法获得钻孔内某个区段的瓦斯抽采效果, 随着煤矿井下瓦斯抽采钻孔孔深增加，沿钻孔长度方向瓦斯抽采效果出现明显分区，不同孔深处有效抽采半径出现较大差异，导致煤矿井下瓦斯抽采钻孔布置难度较大，不确定性增加。针对此问题，设计一种煤矿井下钻孔内瓦斯浓度监测传感器，该传感器基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy，TDLAS)原理，可实现钻孔内多点同时在线监测，保证了孔内无源，实现了本质安全。首先，分析TDLAS瓦斯测量基本原理，从气体分子吸收光谱原理出发，介绍了激光光源的选择，并根据比尔−朗伯定律推算瓦斯气体浓度解算公式。然后，在此基础上进行瓦斯浓度监测传感器设计，包括光程设计、结构设计、保护工艺设计和孔中操作流程4方面。最后，从性能和可靠性2方面出发，进行相对误差测试、稳定性测试、响应时间测试、与非色散红外传感器性能对比和防水防尘测试。设计的瓦斯浓度监测传感器直径40 mm，长度80 mm，传感器本质安全，结构上能够很好地适用于煤矿井下钻孔内应用。性能测试中，传感器全量程最大相对误差2.8%，小于孔内瓦斯浓度±6%的监测标准；稳定性测试中，传感器数据的波动范围在0.015%，稳定性为0.28%，满足稳定性小于1%的要求；传感器的响应时间约为8 s，满足响应时间小于10 s的要求；与非色散红外传感器对比测试中，设计的TDLAS瓦斯浓度监测传感器的相对误差和响应时间都明显优于非色散红外传感器。可靠性测试中，传感器长时间处于高湿度环境中，其测量精度并未受到影响，保护工艺可有效防水。性能测试和可靠性测试结果表明，瓦斯浓度监测传感器能够很好地满足孔内瓦斯浓度监测需求，在煤矿井下孔中监测方面具有很好的应用前景。
- 煤矿井下钻孔 /
- 可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术 /
- 瓦斯浓度监测
Abstract: At present, during underground drilling operations in coal mines, the methane concentration monitoring system can only reflect the total drainage volume of methane at the borehole, and cannot observe the effect of methane drainage of a certain section of the borehole. With the increase of the borehole depth for underground methane drainage, the effect of methane drainage changes greatly along the length of the borehole. There is a big difference in the effective extraction radius at different hole depths, leading to greater difficulty in arranging the boreholes for methane extraction, and increased uncertainty. In response to this problem, a methane concentration monitoring sensor in underground coal mine boreholes is designed in this paper. On the basis of the principle of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy(TDLAS), the sensor allows simultaneous online monitoring of multiple points in the borehole and ensures that the borehole is passive, which is intrinsically safe. First, the basic principle of TDLAS methane measurement is analyzed. On the basis of the principle of methane molecule absorption spectroscopy, the selection of laser light source is introduced, and the methane concentration calculation formula is derived according to Beer-Lambert law. Then, the methane concentration monitoring sensor design is carried out, including optical path design, structure design, protection process design and operation process in the hole. Finally, in terms of both performance and reliability, the relative error test, stability test, response time test, performance comparison with the non-dispersive infrared sensor, waterproof test and dustproof test are conducted. The designed methane concentration monitoring sensor has a diameter of 40 mm and a length of 80 mm. It is intrinsically safe and is structurally applicable to underground coal mines. In the performance test, the maximum relative error of the full range of the sensor is 2.8%, which is less than the monitoring standard of the methane concentration of ±6% in the hole. In the stability test, the fluctuation range of sensor data is 0.015%, and the stability is 0.28%, which meets the requirement of stability less than 1%. The response time of the sensor is about 8 s, which meets the requirement of response time less than 10 s. In the comparison test with the non-dispersive infrared sensor, the relative error and response time of the TDLAS concentration monitoring sensor are significantly better than those of the non-dispersive infrared sensor. In the reliability test, its measurement accuracy is not affected when the sensor is in a high humidity environment for a long time, due to the effective waterproof protection process. The results of the performance test and reliability test show that the sensor can meet well the methane concentration monitoring requirements in the hole, and has a good application prospect in the monitoring of underground coal mines.
- underground borehole of coal mine /
- TDLAS /
- methane concentration monitoring

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图 1 瓦斯吸收光谱

Fig. 1 Methane absorption spectrum

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图 2 不同光程长度下瓦斯体积分数与光透过率的关系曲线

Fig. 2 Relationship curves of methane concentration and transmittance under different optical path lengths

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图 3 瓦斯浓度监测传感器结构

Fig. 3 Structure design of the methane concentration monitoring sensor

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图 4 传感器光路传输

Fig. 4 Optical path transmission of the sensor

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图 5 瓦斯浓度监测传感器实物

Fig. 5 The methane concentration monitoring sensor

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图 6 稳定性测试曲线

Fig. 6 Stability test curve

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图 7 响应时间测试曲线

Fig. 7 Response time test curve

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图 8 防水可靠性测试曲线

Fig. 8 Waterproof reliability test curves

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表 1 煤矿井下瓦斯监测需求

Table 1 Demand for methane monitoring of coal mines

相对误差	稳定性/%	响应时间/s
不高于CH₄真值的±6%	≤1	≤10

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表 2 全量程相对误差测试

Table 2 Full range relative error test

传感器	不同标准气体下相对误差/%
传感器	0.5%	8.5%	20%	35%	60%	85%
1	2.5	1.00	1.5	0.23	0.38	0.62
2	2.5	1.10	1.5	0.06	0.13	0.90
3	2.5	0.90	1.5	0.10	0.35	0.67
4	2.5	0.90	1.2	0.12	0.31	0.71
5	2.3	0.90	1.5	0.12	0.29	0.89
6	2.8	0.85	1.3	0.05	0.19	0.92

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表 3 传感器性能对比

Table 3 Performance comparison of the sensors

传感器类型	相对误差/ %	稳定性/ %	响应时间/ s
非色散红外	5.0	0.05	30
TDLAS	2.8	0.28	8

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