Abstract: In coalfield seismic survey lithological problem is a popular subject in which people have been studing in recent years.Compared with the other seismic inversion techniques,the wave impedance inversion technique not only can increase vertical resolution of seismic data,but also can change seismic wave data into information of layers.In this paper,the principle and achieve means of the wave impedance inversion technique are introduced,and taking a seismic exploration project from Pingdingshan coal mine for example,the methods and application effects of the wave impedance inversion technique on the seismic lithological exploration in coalfields are illuminated,it can be used to forecast coal layer thickness and indetify dirt bands in coal seam.