Research status and prospect of fault activation under coal mining conditions
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摘要: 采动条件下断层活化易于诱发冲击地压、底板突水等动力地质灾害，如何对采场断层活化引起的一系列动力地质灾害开展超前防治预警，一直是煤矿安全开采面临的科学技术难题。从数值模拟、相似物理模拟及现场测试三个方面，概述国内外采场断层活化方面的研究现状；围绕断层活化的监测预警方法，包括微震监测技术、声发射技术、视电阻率监测技术、光纤监测技术、注水试验等，从方法原理、研究现状、技术特点等方面对现有的主要测试与评价方法进行了总结；结合当前国内断层复杂区的煤炭资源开采，重点分析断层活化诱发的几类典型动力地质灾害形成机制及其内在联系；当前，对于采动诱发下的断层活化多维多尺度全程精细化监测技术等研究工作仍然不足，基于煤矿开采精准化、智能化需求，指出断层复杂区煤层开采研究应向多场耦合、精细化模型构建、多手段综合探查、智能预警等方向发展。认为通过进一步开展断层活化的基础理论、精细化模拟、多维多场多尺度监测预警的技术系统研究，可为煤矿智能化引领下的矿井地质保障工作提供坚实基础。Abstract: Fault activation under mining conditions is easy to induce dynamic geological disasters such as rock burst and floor water inrush. How to carry out advanced prevention and early warning for a series of dynamic geological disasters caused by the activation of stope faults has always been a scientific and technical problem faced by coal mine safety mining. This paper summarizes the research status of stope fault activation at home and abroad from three aspects of numerical simulation, similar physical simulation and field test. Focusing on the monitoring and early warning methods of fault activation, including microseismic monitoring technology, acoustic emission technology, apparent resistivity monitoring technology, optical fiber sensing technology, water injection test, etc., the main existing testing and evaluation methods are summarized from the aspects of method principle, research status, technical characteristics and so on. Combined with the current coal mining in complex fault areas in China, the formation mechanism and internal relationship of several typical dynamic geological disasters induced by fault activation are analyzed. At present, the research on multi-dimensional and multi-scale whole process fine monitoring technology of fault activation induced by mining is still insufficient. Based on the requirements of precision and intelligence of coal mining, it is pointed out that the research on coal mining in complex fault area should develop in the direction of multi field coupling, fine model construction, multi means comprehensive exploration, intelligent early warning, etc. It is considered that further research on the basic theory of fault activation, fine simulation, multi-dimensional multi field multi-scale monitoring and early warning technology system can provide a solid foundation for the mine geological guarantee work under the guidance of intelligent coal mine.
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Key words:
- fault weak plane /
- mining conditions /
- fault activation /
- rock monitoring technology /
- deep mining
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