Abstract: The characteristics of the organic matter of shale are one of the important contents of shale gas exploration and development. In order to observe the electronic image features and the occurrence state of the organic matter of Lower Paleozoic shale in diverse provinces in south China, the polished surface and the natural fracture surface were prepared, the field emission scanning electron microscopy was used. From the observations of a large number of samples, organic matter on polished surface occurred as striped, scattered pieces, gap filling and wrapping each other, and on natural fracture surface as interaction, thin film and striped. The genesis relationship between organic matter and minerals is determined as syngenetic, cementation and differentiation. The results can provide visual information of deep level from micron-nanoscale for theoretic research, exploration and development of shale gas.