Abstract: Based on systematical collection and analysis of coal geological exploration and research achievements of Guizhou Province since more than 50 years, using coal accumulation law and tectonic controlling action of coal, the paper studied the occurrence of coal resources in Guizhou Province. The results could be showed in the following aspects:coal-bearing areas of Guizhou are mainly located in fold-thrust belt of passive margin of southern Yangtze block, where the coal units can be classified into 4 coal belts and 9 coalfields. There are 5 categories and 15 kinds of coal-controlling structural styles in total. The coal-controlling tectonic directions can be divided into 4 groups, which are nearly NS-trending, NE-trending, NW-trending, and nearly EW-trending. Upper Permian is the main coal-bearing strata, in which depositional paleogeography has gradually changed from continental facies to marine facies from the west to the east. Delta plain was the best coal-accumulating environment, coal accumulation center is along western Panxian-Shuicheng region, and the coal is characterized by medium ash and mid-high sulfur. What's more, plutonic metamorphism and telemagmatic thermal metamorphism are the main coal metamorphic types in the area. Based on the study of coal occurrence regularity, the results will provide reference for the potential evaluation of coal resource and play a significant guiding role in the further coal exploration of Guizhou.