Research status and development trend of near-bit MWD in underground coal mine
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摘要: 近钻头随钻测量集成了近钻头多参数测量、跨螺杆钻具供电和通信、涡轮连续发电和高速泥浆脉冲无线传输等多项关键核心技术，可以获取钻头附近多种类型参数，是煤矿井下智能钻探技术的关键组成之一。在充分借鉴地面石油与天然气钻探领域近钻头随钻测量开发经验和发展路径的基础上，分析了现有技术应用于煤矿井下的局限性，依托煤矿井下现阶段随钻测量技术，提出了煤矿井下近钻头随钻测量技术的研究思路，探讨了煤矿井下近钻头随钻测量技术的研究现状，重点解决结构小型化、仪器单元化、防爆模块化、测量协同化和控制整体化的研发技术难题。在煤矿智能化建设大背景下，提出未来需要从近钻头多参数一体化测量、近钻头参数动态监测、近钻头旋转导向钻进和近钻头自适应钻进等方面入手，大力推动煤矿井下近钻头随钻测量与5G通信、大数据、云计算、物联网等新一代信息技术的融合发展。Abstract: Near-bit meusurement while drilling (MWD) integrates several key technologies such as near-bit multi-parameter measurement, power supply and communication across positive displacement motor drills, turbine continuous power generation and high-speed mud pulse wireless transmission, capable of obtaining various types of parameters near the bit. It is one of the key components of intelligent drilling technology in underground coal mine. Herein, the limitation of the existing technology applied in coal mine was analyzed with full reference to the development experience and development path of near-bit MWD in the field of surface oil and gas drilling. Meanwhile, the research idea of near-bit MWD technology in underground coal mine was proposed based on the current MWD technology in coal mine. Besides, the research status of near-bit MWD in underground coal mine was discussed, focusing on solving the technical challenges for structure miniaturization, instrument unitization, explosion-proof modularization, measurement collaboration and control integration. Under the background of intelligent construction of coal mine, it was proposed to vigorously promote the integrated development of near-bit MWD in underground coal mine with next-generation information technologies such as 5G communication, big data, cloud computing and the Internet of Things in future, from the aspects of near-bit multiple paraeters integration measurement, near-bit parameter dynamic monitoring, near-bit rotary steerable drilling and near-bit adaptive drilling.
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图 6 煤矿井下随钻测量钻进装备组成
Fig. 6 Composition of drilling equipment for measurement while drilling in underground coal mine
图 7 矿用小直径涡轮发电机组成
1—本安输出端；2—充电电池；3—控制电路；4—发电单元；5—涡轮单元；6—导轮单元；7—固定组件
Fig. 7 Composition of small-diameter turbine generator for underground coal mine
图 8 煤矿井下有线载波双向通信原理
Fig. 8 Principle of bidirectional wireline carrier communication in underground coal mine
图 9 脉冲发生装置结构
1—过滤网；2—上支撑件；3—阀头限位件；4—阀头；5—中心杆；6—中支撑件；7—引流件；8—下支撑件；9—外壳
Fig. 9 Structure of pulse generator
表 1 石油和天然气钻探领域代表性近钻头产品
Table 1 Representative near-bit products in oil and gas drilling
序号 生产单位 型号 测点至钻头
距离/m近钻头测量
参数跨螺杆
信号传输信号
传输应用情况 1 山东胜利伟业
有限公司SL6000NWD ≥2.50 井斜角、电磁波
电阻率、自然伽马电磁无线短传 正脉冲 最高进尺925.4 m 2 中国石油钻井工程技术研究院 CGDS-1 ≥0.75 井斜角、方位电阻率、方位伽马 电磁无线短传 正脉冲 最长工作
时间400 h3 北京六合伟业科技股份有限公司 XZ-NBMS ≥0.50 井斜角、转速、
方位伽马电磁无线短传 正脉冲 最长工作
时间161 h4 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 NBIG ≥0.50 井斜角、方位伽马 电磁无线短传 正脉冲 最高进尺1 091 m 5 贝克休斯公司 Auto Trak G3 ≥1.00 井斜角、电阻率 电磁无线短传 正脉冲 应用广泛 6 斯伦贝谢公司 NeoSteer ≥0.50 井斜、振动、冲击 电磁无线短传 正脉冲 应用广泛 7 哈利伯顿公司 API ≥1.00 井斜角、方位伽马 电磁无线短传 正脉冲 应用广泛 
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