Research progress and thinking on integrated tunneling and detection technology of rock roadway with TBM
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摘要: 煤矿岩巷全断面掘进机(TBM)施工，是满足集约化、现代化、智能化大型矿井深部高强度开发采掘平衡与高效建设生产的重要方法之一。但是，TBM掘进对于不良地质条件适应性较差，尤其是破碎带、断层、软弱岩层及富水区等复杂地质条件会造成坍塌、卡机、卡盾、涌水等问题，从而限制了其发展。为充分发挥TBM快速掘进效率，将超前探测仪器与TBM机械进行一体化设计，开展随掘探测是煤矿岩巷TBM掘进发展亟需突破的关键技术。从TBM施工岩巷的掘探一体化技术研究出发，回顾了近年来隧道、煤矿岩巷随掘探测技术新进展，介绍了包括随掘地震、随掘电法、随掘瞬变电磁等掘探一体化技术；围绕提高随掘超前探测精度，实现高精度异常体成像，论述了岩巷TBM掘探一体化技术的发展方向，包括超前探测数据采集系统、信号处理方法、巷道界面成像新方法新技术等。认为掘探一体化设备要向自动化、信息化、智能化方向发展，要形成以智能化控制系统为核心的掘进、探测、预报集成化管理平台，实现掘进参数的智能选取、超前探测数据的实时处理与叠加成像，形成掘探一体智能控制与地质条件融合判识系统，为深部煤炭资源的精准开发利用与煤矿智能化建设提供透明地质条件支撑。Abstract: The construction of Full Face Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) in coal mines is crucial for achieving efficient and modern high-intensity development and mining operations. However, TBM has poor adaptability to adverse geological conditions, such as fracture zones, faults, soft rock layers, and water-rich areas, which can cause problems such as collapses, equipment sticking, and water gushing, hindering their development. To fully utilize the rapid tunneling efficiency of TBM, integrated design between advanced detection instruments and TBM must be performed. The key technology is the breakthrough in detection-while-tunneling. This paper reviews recent advancements in the integrated tunneling and detection technology of rock roadways in TBM construction. The seismic-while-tunneling, geoelectric-while-tunneling, and transient electromagnetic-while-tunneling technologies are introduced. The focus is on improving the accuracy of advanced detection while tunneling and realizing high-precision imaging of anomalous bodies. The development direction of the integrated tunneling and detection technology includes the advanced detection data acquisition system, signal processing method, and new roadway interface imaging methods. To achieve automation, information, and intelligence in tunneling and detection, an integrated management platform with an intelligent control system at its core should be established. This platform will allow for the intelligent selection of tunneling parameters and real-time processing and superposition imaging of advanced detection data. Additionally, an integrated identification system for intelligent control and geological conditions should be formed to provide transparent geological condition support for precise deep coal resource development and intelligent coal mine construction.
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图 7 TBM随掘地震掘探一体化体系
Fig. 7 Integrated tunneling and detection system of TBM with seismic while tunneling
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