煤田绕射地震勘探现状与进展

彭苏萍; 赵惊涛; 盛同杰; 杨婕; 陶俊宏

doi:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.22.12.0922

煤田绕射地震勘探现状与进展

doi: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.22.12.0922

彭苏萍^1,,
赵惊涛^{1, 2,*, ,},
盛同杰²,
杨婕²,
陶俊宏²

1.
中国矿业大学(北京) 煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室，北京 100083
2.
中国矿业大学(北京) 地球科学与测绘工程学院，北京 100083

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(41702173)

详细信息

第一作者:
彭苏萍，1959年生，男，江西萍乡人，中国工程院院士，从事煤田地球物理勘探、生态环境修复与燃料电池研究. E-mail：psp@cumtb.edu.cn

通信作者:
赵惊涛，1982年生，男，河北邯郸人，博士，教授，从事绕射地震勘探、干热岩勘探研究. E-mail：diffzjt@cumtb.edu.cn

中图分类号: P315.9
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-05
- 修回日期: 2023-01-04
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-25
- 网络出版日期: 2023-01-26

Status and advance of seismic diffraction exploration in coalfield

1.
State Key Laboratory of Coal Resource and Safety Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2.
College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 我国煤炭绿色智能开采亟待解决透明地质条件精细构建问题，包括煤岩层构造、含水体、采空区与地应力等地质因素，该类隐蔽致灾体易诱发采空区突水或瓦斯突出等事故，是制约煤矿智能化开采与安全生产的主要障碍。三维地震勘探是目前探测断层和陷落柱等地质体的主要技术，但该技术基于反射理论框架，在小落差断层与小尺度陷落柱探测上仍存在挑战，发展针对隐蔽致灾体的煤田精细勘探理论与方法是安全与智能开采的基础问题。基于绕射的地震勘探框架在理论上能够突破传统地震勘探分辨率瓶颈，该前沿技术已在勘探行业权威期刊不断报道，国内外工业界和科研院校也投入了大量研究工作，但尚未形成方法体系与工业化软件。围绕煤田灾害源防治与智能开采关键地质问题，阐述了一套基于绕射理论框架的地震勘探系统，通过不同类型绕射波传播规律研究了弱信号捕获模式，利用反射波与绕射波多域差异特征提取了携带高分辨率响应的绕射波信息，基于散射点模型提出绕射波精细速度建模方法，在多学科交叉基础上发展了绕射波多属性融合解释与阻抗反演技术，进而形成一套适用于我国未来透明矿山绿色开采的基础学科与前沿技术。
- 煤矿安全 /
- 隐蔽致灾 /
- 地震勘探 /
- 绕射
Abstract: In China, there is an urgent need for intelligent and environmentally friendly coal mining practices to address the issue of accurately mapping transparent geological conditions, including coal rock structures, water-bearing bodies, goafs, and underground stress. These hidden disaster-causing bodies are prone to triggering mine accidents such as water inrush or gas outburst, which is the main obstacle to safe and intelligent coal mining. Three-dimensional seismic exploration is the main technology for detecting geological bodies such as faults and collapse columns. However, this technology, based on the framework of reflection theory, faces challenges in detecting small-drop faults and small-scale collapse columns. To develop a fine exploration theory and method for hidden disaster-causing bodies in coal fields is a basic research issue for safe and intelligent mining. The seismic exploration framework based on diffraction theory can theoretically break through the bottleneck of traditional seismic exploration resolution and this cutting-edge technology has been continuously reported in authoritative exploration journals. Domestic and foreign industries and research institutions have also invested a lot of research work, but have not yet formed a systematic method and mature software. To solve the problems of coalfield disaster source prevention and intelligent mining, a seismic exploration system based on the diffraction theory framework is proposed. This system includes weak signal acquisition involved with the propagation law of different types of diffractions, extraction of high-resolution diffraction information by multi-domain difference features of reflected and diffraction waves, a fine diffraction velocity modeling method based on a scattering point model, diffraction interpretation of multi-attribute fusion and the corresponding impedance inversion technology. The proposed seismic diffraction exploration has the potential to provide a basic discipline and frontier technology suitable for the safe mining of transparent mines in China.
- mine safety /
- hidden disaster /
- seismic exploration /
- diffraction

HTML全文

图 1 三维断层模型及地震观测方式^[32]

Fig. 1 The 3D geologic fault model and its seismic survey^[32]

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图 2 绕射系数随方位角变化^[32]

Fig. 2 The azimuth edge-diffraction coefficients^[32]

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图 3 基于多道奇异谱分析的绕射波分离方法^[44]

Fig. 3 Diffraction wave separation using multichannel singular-spectrum analysis with the azimuth^[44]

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图 4 基于双支拉东变换的绕射波分离方法^[51]

Fig. 4 Diffraction wave separation using double-branch Radon transform^[51]

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图 5 频率−空间域中反射波和绕射波的形态特征^[52]

Fig. 5 The reflection and diffraction wave features in f-x domain^[52]

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图 6 基于卷积神经网络的绕射波分离方法^[55]

Fig. 6 Diffraction wave separation using convolutional neural network^[55]

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图 7 基于共虚震源变换的绕射波分离方法^[62]

Fig. 7 Diffraction wave separation in the common virtual source gather^[62]

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图 8 基于最小二乘绕射波成像方法^[71]

Fig. 8 Least-squares imaging of diffractions wave by solving a hybrid L₁-L₂ norm^[71]

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图 9 倾角道集中的绕射波和反射波

Fig. 9 Diffraction wave and reflection wave in migrated dip-angle gathers

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图 10 偏移速度分析前后的倾角道集^[34]

Fig. 10 Dip-angle gathers before and after velocity analysis^[34]

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图 11 反射波偏移速度和绕射波偏移速度对比^[34]

Fig. 11 Comparison of reflection wave migration velocity and diffraction wave migration velocity^[34]

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图 12 绕射波多属性融合U-net构架^[94]

Fig. 12 Architecture of U-net diffraction wave multi-attribute fusion^[94]

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图 13 PSP软件平台框架

Fig. 13 The architecture of PSP software

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图 14 绕射分离与成像流程

Fig. 14 The flow chart of diffraction separation and imaging

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图 15 常规反射成像数据体

Fig. 15 The conventional reflection image cube

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图 16 绕射波成像数据体

Fig. 16 The diffraction wave image cube

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图 17 绕射波与反射波成像剖面叠合

Fig. 17 Superimposition diagram of diffraction and reflection wave imaging profile

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图 18 反射波与绕射波属性对比

Fig. 18 Seismic attrubutes of reflection and diffration wave imaging

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图 19 巷道揭露地质构造与绕射波、反射波成像

Fig. 19 The exposed geological structures in a mine roadway, reflection and diffraction wave images

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表 1 绕射波研究文献总结

Table 1 Summary of diffraction wave research literature

研究领域	方法分类	相关论文
分离与成像	偏移前	PWD^{[11,16,38-42,58,60-61]}、OPT^[43]、SVD^[44-50]、拉东变换^[51]、频率域方法^[52-53]、多聚焦^[19]、CRS^[54]、深度学习^[55-56]、中值阻滤波^[59]、虚震源^[57,62]
	偏移中	反稳相滤波器^[64-65]、反偏移^[66-67]、双指数拟合函数^[68]、马氏距离^[69]、三维绕射系数计算^[32]
	偏移后	稀疏反演^[70]、最小二乘成像^[71]、倾角道集^[73-74]、MMF^[75]、全方位倾角道集^[76-77]
速度建模	叠后数据	局部最大方差法^[16]、路径求和^[79]、OVC^[80]、路径积分^[21]
速度建模	角道集	最小方差波束聚焦^[34]
反演解释	地质解释	裂缝预测^[86]、属性分析^[87-92]
	多属性融合	L₀稀疏反演^[94]、基于U-Net的多属性融合^[95]
	波阻抗反演	绕射叠后波阻抗反演^[24]

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