Hydrochemical characteristics and source analysis of mine water in shallow coal seams in Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia contiguous area
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摘要: 为研究蒙陕接壤区浅埋煤层开采下矿井水水化学特征与来源，通过采集研究区内的矿井水、不同含水层地下水及地表水样，综合利用水化学特征研究、数理统计、离子比例系数法以及氢氧同位素，探究该区矿井水水化学特征及其形成作用。基于此，对研究区矿井水的主要来源进行了识别。结果表明，矿井水与第四系萨拉乌苏组、侏罗系直罗组和延安组地下水水力联系紧密。矿井水主要离子形成受水−岩作用影响，主要阴阳离子来源于硅酸盐矿物与方解石的溶滤作用；受到反向阳离子交换作用影响，使矿井水中Na+含量高于浅部地下水；混合作用对矿井水水化学成分形成影响较小。矿井水受延安组、直罗组地下水与萨拉乌苏组地下水共同补给，三者在矿井水补给水源中所占比例分别为86.39%、1.59%与12.02%。研究成果可为该区的矿井水害防治与水资源处理利用提供依据。Abstract: In order to study the hydrochemical characteristics and sources of mine water under the mining of shallow coal seams in the contiguous area of Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi, the hydrochemical characteristics and the formation action of mine water in this area were investigated through the study of hydrochemical characteristics, mathematical statistics, ion ratio coefficient method and the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in combination, by collecting samples of the mine water, groundwater in different aquifers and surface water in the study area. Based on this, the main sources of mine water in the study area were identified. The results show that the mine water is closely related to the groundwater hydraulics of Quaternary Salawusu Formation, Jurassic Zhiluo Formation and Yan'an Formation. Besides, the formation of main ions in mine water is affected by water-rock interaction, with the main anion and cation coming from the leaching of silicate minerals and calcite. Affected by reverse cation exchange, the content of Na+ in mine water is higher than that in the shallow groundwater. However, mixing has little effect on the formation of hydrochemical composition of mine water. The mine water is recharged by the groundwater of Yan'an formation, Zhiluo formation and Salawusu formation, accounting for 86.39%, 1.59% and 12.02% respectively in the recharging water sources. The research results could provide a basis for water hazard prevention and control of mine, as well as the treatment and utilization of water resources in this area.
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图 3 研究区地表水及地下水Piper三线图
Fig. 3 Piper diagram of surface water and groundwater in the study area
图 4 研究区地表水及地下水Gibbs图
Fig. 4 Gibbs diagram of surface water and groundwater in the study area
表 1 研究区含水层概况
Table 1 The aquifer data of the study area
含水层 单位涌水量/(L·m−1·s−1) 富水性 含水层厚度/m 第四系萨拉乌苏组含水层(Q3s) 0.100 00~2.110 00 中等−强富水性 10.00~20.00 侏罗系直罗组含水层(J2z) 0.004 19~0.009 03 弱−极弱富水性 0~81.01 侏罗系延安组含水层(J1-2y) 0.000 86~0.012 12 弱富水性 172.18 烧变岩裂隙水层段 4.614 60 强富水性 2.70~36.98 
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表 2 研究区水样水质全分析结果
Table 2 Results of groundwater hydrochemical analysis of the study area
取样层位 离子质量浓度/(mg·L−1) TDS/(mg·L−1) pH K++Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl− SO4 2− HCO3 − 地表水 8.69~218.20/
45.299.87~69.19/
40.053.65~43.76/
15.167.61~116.35/
25.220.01~328.78/
62.5474.48~240.37/
166.77146.00~1034.11/
348.537.36~8.74/
8.07萨拉乌苏组 8.47~44.40/
17.6235.50~65.13/
55.986.08~20.18/
8.986.56~21.76/
9.817.09~20.20/
10.49179.60~271.54/
223.69204.00~276.00/
236.697.20~7.94/
7.63直罗组 1.61~34.82/
18.6430.06~70.54/
45.730.97~22.96/
13.412.06~27.30/
11.080.01~30.00/
16.25176.73~232.20/
202.39161.00~446.00/
262.337.18~8.16/
7.74延安组 60.74~233.26/
151.7811.02~81.24/
27.110.27~13.13/
4.5210.00~99.40/
56.3420.00~226.00/
87.4173.21~558.06/
266.61167.00~920.00/
480.577.64~10.87/
8.66矿井水 15.75~288.69/
108.726.01~269.00/
62.431.22~70.50/
16.891.59~162.00/
10.290.02~1 250.00/
136.3062.12~940.00/
365.06228.00~1 816.00/
678.537.64~8.69/
8.17注：8.69~218.20/45.29表示最小~最大值/平均值，其他数据同。
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表 3 主成分解释方差率
Table 3 Explained variance rates of the principal components
主成分因子 特征值 贡献率/% 累计贡献率/% 1 2.60 43.34 43.34 2 1.68 27.99 71.33 3 1.03 17.20 88.53
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表 4 预测样本的判别结果
Table 4 Discriminant results of the testing samples
水样编号 Y1 Y2 Y3 预测类别 4 0.77 −1.34 −0.05 Ⅱ 6 −0.22 −0.81 0.22 Ⅲ 7 −1.21 2.69 0.41 Ⅲ 8 −0.36 0.10 −0.2 Ⅲ 9 −0.66 −0.66 0.11 Ⅲ 10 −1.28 1.62 0.25 Ⅲ 11 −0.91 0.79 0.29 Ⅲ 12 −0.69 −0.12 0.07 Ⅲ 13 −0.84 3.49 0.76 Ⅲ 14 −0.29 −1.53 0.10 Ⅰ 15 −0.94 0.80 0.33 Ⅲ 16 −0.71 −0.51 0.05 Ⅰ 17 0.73 0.59 −0.28 Ⅲ 18 −0.61 −1.77 −0.16 Ⅲ 19 0.39 1.39 1.08 Ⅲ
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表 5 研究区氢氧同位素特征
Table 5 Hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics in study area
取样层位 δ18O/‰ δ2H/‰ 地表水 −10.28~−7.06/−8.44 −77.30~−56.30/−65.64 萨拉乌苏组 −8.89~−7.90/−8.36 −69.80~−59.90/−65.23 直罗组 −9.24~−8.44/−8.81 −71.93~−65.47/−68.82 延安组 −10.15~−9.16/−9.75 −75.32~−67.50/−71.80 矿井水 −11.95~−9.83/−10.79 −79.02~−66.49/−73.24
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表 6 研究区矿井水水源组成
Table 6 Water source composition for different mine water samples
取样点位 延安组补给
比例/%直罗组补给
比例/%萨拉乌苏组补给
比例/%1 87.90 1.52 10.58 2 83.47 2.68 13.85 3 80.02 1.79 18.19 4 89.34 1.02 9.64 5 91.57 0.54 7.89 6 84.36 2.02 13.62 7 88.03 1.57 10.40
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