Study on long-distance fixed-point sealed coring technology in broken-soft coal seam
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摘要: 随着矿井采掘、钻探等技术的快速发展和矿井提能增效的需求日增，区域超前探测煤层瓦斯含量的需求越来越迫切。近年来研发的井下长钻孔高压水密闭取心瓦斯含量测定技术已应用于中硬煤层矿区，效果显著，但在碎软煤层中应用存在局限性。针对采用现有定向钻孔高压水密闭取心技术进行碎软煤层取心时，存在煤心易冲散、孔壁易坍塌、喷孔、取心率低、安全风险大的问题，并结合矿井钻取含原始水分煤样的需求，提出采用“气体取心钻进+气体输送封堵球+高压水与气体联合密闭煤心”的双循环介质碎软煤层井下长距离定点密闭取心技术工艺，研发了基于井下压风取样钻进的长距离干式密闭取心系统，以压风代替压水用于钻孔排渣、取心钻头冷却和封堵球输送；以风和水两种介质组合打压驱动密闭取心装置在孔内关闭。选取淮南矿区某矿同一区域的主采煤层进行试验，碎软煤层井下长距离定点密闭取心瓦斯含量测值为6.65~7.82 m3/t，常规取心瓦斯含量测值为5.11~6.45 m3/t。工程试验表明，碎软煤层井下长距离定点密闭取心技术为碎软煤层井下长距离测定瓦斯含量提供了一种新途径，实现碎软煤层井下精准定点、长距离瓦斯含量精确测定，可解决碎软煤层井下大区域探测瓦斯赋存信息需求，保障矿井安全高效生产。Abstract: With the rapid development of mining, drilling and other technologies in the field of coal mine and the increasing demand for enhancing production and profit in the coal mine, the demand is increasingly urgent for detection of coal seam gas content in the initial stage. In recent years, the gas content measurement technology of underground long borehole high-pressure water sealed coring has been applied in the medium hard coal seam mining area with remarkable effects, but its application is limited in broken-soft coal seam. A number of issues are encountered that easy breakup of coal core sample, easy wall collapse of the bore hole, gas inrush from borehole, low success rate for coal sample coring, and large risk, when the existing coring technology through directional drilling and sealed high-pressure water is employed in the broken-soft coal seam. In order to solve the aforementioned issues and meet the demand of coal samples containing original moisture, a long-distance fixed-point closed coring technology process was proposed to use "gas coring drilling + gas conveying plugging ball + high-pressure water and gas combined sealing coal core" in the soft coal seam with double circulation medium. A long-distance dry closed coring system is proposed through downhole pressurized air sampling drilling, in which pressurized air is used instead of pressurized water for drilling slag discharge, core bit cooling and plugging ball transportation; air and water are combined to press. The sealed coring device in the hole is closed through the drive from a combination of wind and water. The main coal seam in the same area of a mine in Huainan mining area is selected for testing. The gas content of long-distance fixed-point closed coring in broken-soft coal seam is measured as 6.65~7.82 m3/t, while the gas content of conventional coring is measured as 5.11~6.45 m3/t. It is found that the gas content of airtight coring samples is generally higher than that of conventional coring samples. The research shows that the long-distance fixed-point closed coring technology in the broken-soft coal seam provides a new way to accurately measure the gas content in the broken-soft coal seam over a long-distance, thereby meeting the information demand for the gas occurrence information in the broken-soft coal seam in large areas and ensuring safe and efficient production in mines.
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Key words:
- sealed coring /
- fixed-point sampling /
- broken-soft coal seam /
- gas content /
- pressurized air drilling
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图 2 碎软煤层井下长距离定点密闭取心工艺
Fig. 2 Long distance fixed-point sealed coring technology in broken-soft coal seam
图 3 基于井下压风取样钻进的长距离干式密闭取心系统
Fig. 3 Long distance dry sealed coring system based on pressurized air sampling drilling
图 4 密闭取心打压系统转换器结构
Fig. 4 Structural diagram of pressure system converter for sealed coring
表 1 井下煤层钻孔取样信息
Table 1 Borehole sampling of underground coal seam
样品编号 采样深度/m 取心方式 煤心描述 HNX1-1M 175~177 密闭 小块状，少量矸石 HNX1-1 173~175 常规 颗粒状 HNX2-2M 125~128 密闭 小块状 HNX2-2 123~125 常规 颗粒状 HNX3-1M 196~198 密闭 小块状，颗粒状 HNX3-1 194~196 常规 颗粒状 HNX4-1M 207~209 密闭 小块状，颗粒状 
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