Abstract: Coal mining activities will directly or indirectly affect the development and evolution of cities and their characteristics. Jiawang District of Xuzhou used to be an important coal production base in China, and Pan’an Lake region is the main area of Jiawang coal production. This paper takes Pan’an Lake region as the research object, analyzes the characteristics of its development and evolution under the influence of coal mining activities, selects social environment, economic development, policy control and resource environment as the driving factors affecting the development and evolution of the area, and uses principal component analysis to determine the main driving factors. The results show that the characteristics of regional development and evolution of Pan’an Lake are reflected in four aspects: (1) Land use from damaged mining sites to fully functional urban spatial system; (2) Road traffic from isolated trunk roads to systematic urban networks; (3) The industrial structure has shifted from the main coal to the support of diversified industries; (4) The spatial structure ranges from coal mining subsidence affected area to urban development and construction area. According to the analysis results, it can be seen that the two major factors of economic development and social environment generated by people play an important role in promoting the development and evolution of Pan’an Lake region, while the mining subsidence factors of resources and environment indirectly promote the development and evolution of the region. Based on the development characteristics of Pan’an Lake region and the development dynamic mechanism inside and outside the region, the following optimization suggestions are put forward for the sustainable. First, strengthen the control of land space and allocate land resources reasonably; Second, reasonably plan the development sequence and implement phased construction; Third, the transformation of “industry” and “space” develops synchronously.