Abstract: The mining and depletion of coal resources have a certain degree of impact on the environment and population of the coal mining area. Confronted with the resources and environment problems, China strongly advocates the construction of green mines, requiring that mine exploitation must be within resources and environment carrying capacity. With the support of multi-source data (Landsat 8, GF-2, etc.) and socio-economic statistics data, Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to construct an index system for evaluating resources and environment carrying capacity of the mining area in Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia from two aspects of the carrying background and the carrying statu. Among them, the carrying background is expressed by the proportion of available resources, and the carrying state is calculated by coal mine economic proportion index, coal mine employment index, mining damage index, waste discharge intensity and development restriction index which plays a regulatory role. In addition, different countermeasures and recommendations were proposed for different carrying capacities in the mining area. The results show that the carrying capacity of the Xilinhot’s mining area is “medium” for both the Shengli No.1 coal mine and East No.2 coal mine’ and “small” for the West No.2 coal mine. The resources and environment carrying capacity of the mining area occupies the medium-sized level on the lower side in Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia in 2016. It is necessary to enhance restoration efforts to promote the simultaneous development of economy and environment while mining. The study results are of guiding significance for the restoration and management of the mining environment. What’s more, it also provides a reference for the evaluation of the resources and environment carrying capacity of small-scale mining areas.