Development and application of a retractable slip overshot in underground coal mines
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摘要:
煤矿井下卡钻、埋钻导致的孔内断钻杆事故时常发生，目前常用的公母丝锥造扣的打捞方法成功率较低，不仅耗费大量的人力物力，还会影响煤矿开采生产进度。基于此，设计了井下可退式卡瓦打捞筒，通过外筒的螺旋锥面驱动卡瓦径向卡紧断裂的钻杆，实现起拔打捞井内钻杆。卡瓦抱紧钻杆的结构设计，提高了打捞筒对断裂钻具的把持力。控制环的键槽结构设计，实现了复杂工况下可退式操作。分析了打捞作业时钻机回转扭矩产生的切应力与打捞筒强度的关系、钻机起拔力产生的正应力与打捞筒强度的关系，为打捞筒壁厚参数设计提供理论支持；分析了钻机起拔力转换为卡瓦对钻杆抱紧力的公式，验证了卡瓦打捞筒打捞孔内钻具的可行性；试制的打捞筒在山西新源煤矿井下现场进行了打捞试验，试验表明其结构设计合理，打捞性能可靠。本研究为煤矿井下处理复杂钻孔断钻事故提供新型工具，为打捞工具结构设计提供了理论依据。
Abstract:The stuck and buried drills in underground coal mines often lead to accidents of broken drill pipes in the holes. At present, the success rate of the commonly used fishing methods of male and female fishing tap buckle is low, which not only consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, but also affects the production progress of coal mining. Based on this, a retractable slip overshot with the structural design of the cooperation between the slips and the outer cylinder through the wedge-shaped spiral surface has been proposed, which converts the pull-out force of the drill rod into a slip overshot model that self-locks the holding force of the broken drill rod. The structural design of slips improves the overshot’s ability to hold the broken drilling tool. The keyway structure design of the control ring realizes the retractable operation under complicated working conditions. The relationship between the shear stress generated by the rotating torque of the drilling rig and the strength of the overshot, and the relationship between the normal stress generated by the pulling force of the drilling rig and the strength of the overshot are analyzed, providing theoretical support for the parameter design of the overshot wall thickness. The formula for converting the drilling rig pull-out force into the gripping force of slips on the drill pipe is analyzed to verify the feasibility of the drilling tool in the overshot hole. The trial production and field test of the overshot have been carried out in Xinyuan Coal Mine, Shanxi Province. The successful application of the slip overshot in coal mines shows that its structure design is reasonable and its salvage performance is reliable. This study provides new technical equipment for dealing with complex drilling accidents in underground coal mine and theoretical basis for structural design of fishing tools.
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图 4 卡瓦与外筒接触面受力分析
$ {F_1} $—钻机起拔力；$ N $—起拔力在楔形面的法向分力；$ {F_2} $—卡瓦对钻杆的径向抱紧力；$ {F_3} $—切向分力；$F_4 $—卡瓦轴向分力； $ \theta $—楔形面的坡角；1—外筒；2—卡瓦
Fig. 4 Force analysis of contact surface between slip and outer tube body
表 1 打捞筒规格参数
Table 1 Specifications and parameters of the overshot
打捞筒规格/mm 外形尺寸/mm 可打捞钻具规格/mm ø118/89 ø118×500 ø89±3 ø108/73 ø108×500 ø73±3 
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表 2 设备规格型号
Table 2 Equipment specification table
类别 规格型号 钻机 ZDY4000s 钻杆 ø73 mm×1000 mm三棱螺旋钻杆 钻头 ø113 mm钢体式三翼内凹钻头 打捞筒 ø108/73 mm卡瓦打捞筒
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表 3 钻机技术参数
Table 3 Technical parameters of the drilling rig
类别 技术参数 转矩/(N·m) 1 050~4 000 转速/(r·min−1) 60~200 最大起拔力/kN 155 电机功率/kW 55
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