废弃矿井遗留煤层气资源次生富集成藏研究现状及展望

王家琛; 杨兆彪; 秦勇; 杨彦群; 董志勇; 孟祥昊

doi:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.21.09.0530

废弃矿井遗留煤层气资源次生富集成藏研究现状及展望

doi: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.21.09.0530

1.
中国矿业大学煤层气资源与成藏过程教育部重点实验室，江苏徐州 221008
2.
山西焦煤集团公司技术中心，山西太原 030024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(42130802)；山西省科技重大专项揭榜项目(20191101016)；山西省科技重大专项项目(20201102001)

详细信息

第一作者:
王家琛，1997年生，男，陕西咸阳人，硕士研究生，研究方向为矿产普查与勘探. E-mail：jiachen2321@163.com

通信作者:
杨兆彪，1980年生，男，河北张家口人，博士，教授，研究方向为煤系气资源与开发地质. E-mail：zhaobiaoyang@163.com

中图分类号: TD984
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-24
- 修回日期: 2021-11-16
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-02

Research status and prospects of secondary enrichment and accumulation of residual coalbed methane resources in abandoned mines

1.
Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources & Reservoir Formation Process, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
2.
Technical Center, Shanxi Coking Coal Group Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030024, China

摘要

摘要: 在当前国家大力推进“双碳目标”落实阶段，废弃矿井遗留煤层气资源开发具有重要的现实意义。然而，废弃矿井遗留煤层气资源开发具有其独特性，源于其在原始地质条件下扰动后的二次动态成藏。通过综述近些年国内外研究成果得出：(1)煤层开采覆岩及底板扰动区可以依次分为导气裂隙带、卸压带及不易解吸带，长臂法开采煤层覆岩采动影响范围可达到100 m左右，底板采动影响范围可达到50 m左右。(2)遗留煤层气资源主要以游离态、吸附态及溶解态赋存于开采扰动区内，与原位储层相比游离气占比增大。依据开采扰动应力场–裂隙场–渗流场分布规律，可将遗留煤层气赋存空间分为：三维卸压带、一维卸压带、原始位区，覆岩三维卸压带顶部为潜在煤层气富集区。(3)废弃矿井煤层气资源量评估方法主要有月下降曲线法、分源叠加法及间接扣减法，后2种方法在国内有较高的适用性。最后指出准确圈定遗留煤层气富集空间及其采动裂隙场，揭示遗留煤层气的赋存特征及其动态运聚过程，建立遗留煤层气资源量的动态评价模型是废弃矿井遗留煤层气资源成功开发的地质理论基础，也是今后的重点研究方向。
- 遗留煤层气 /
- 废弃矿井 /
- 扰动区 /
- 运移富集 /
- 资源量评价
Abstract: In promoting the achievement of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals in China, the development of residual coalbed methane resources in abandoned mines is of important practical significance. However, the development of the residual coalbed methane is characterized by its secondary dynamic reservoir formation after disturbed under original geological conditions. Therefore, the related literature at home and abroad in recent years is summarized as follows. (1) The disturbed area of the overburden and floor in coal seam mining can be divided into the gas conduction fracture zone, pressure relief zone and non-desorption zone. The influence range of coal seam overburden mining by the long arm method can reach about 100 m, and the influence range of floor mining can reach about 50 m. (2) The residual coalbed methane resources in the mining disturbed area are mainly in the free state, adsorbed state and dissolved state, and the proportion of free gas increases compared with the in-situ reservoir. According to the distribution law of the mining disturbed stress field, fracture field, seepage field, the storage space of residual coalbed methane can be divided into the three-dimensional pressure relief zone, one-dimensional pressure relief zone and original location area. The top of the three-dimensional pressure relief zone of the overburden is the potential coalbed methane enrichment area. (3) The evaluation methods of residual coalbed methane resources in abandoned mines mainly include the monthly decline curve method, source superposition method and indirect deduction method. The latter two methods have high applicability in China. Finally, it is pointed out that accurately delineating the enrichment space and mining fracture field of residual coalbed methane, revealing its occurrence characteristics and dynamic migration and accumulation process, and establishing its dynamic evaluation model are the geological theoretical basis for the successful development of residual coalbed methane resources in abandoned mines.
- residual coalbed methane /
- abandoned mine /
- disturbed area /
- transportation and accumulation /
- resource reserve evaluation

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图 1 扰动区分带

Fig. 1 Diagram of the disturbed area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 下伏地层“三带五区”划分^[13]

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of “three bands and five zones” in underlying strata^[13]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 地下煤矿不同挖掘宽度下的采动应力(垂直)发展变化概念模型^[17]

(a) 没有顶板垮落的狭窄工作面；(b) 工作面宽度增加，有部分顶板垮落；(c) 工作面进一步加宽，造成进一步的顶板垮落，但没有地面沉降；(d) 工作面宽度进一步增加，导致地面沉降

Fig. 3 A conceptual model of mining induced stress(vertical) development at different widths of excavations for an underground coal mining^[17]

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图 4 覆岩裂隙带分布的“O”形圈示意

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of “O” rings of fracture zone distribution in the overburden rock

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图 5 废弃矿井遗留煤层气资源构成

Fig. 5 Composition of residual coalbed methane resources in abandoned mines

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图 6 煤层开采扰动下不同状态煤层气运移规律

Fig. 6 Migration law of coalbed methane in different states under mining disturbance

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图 7 煤层开采扰动条件下煤层气运移分带及富集

Fig. 7 Migration zoning and enrichment of coalbed methane under mining disturbance

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表 1 废弃矿井遗留煤层气资源量主要计算方法及优缺点

Table 1 Main calculation methods, advantages and disadvantages of CBM resources left over from abandoned mines

名称	计算公式	参数	优点	局限性
月下降曲线法^[41]	q=q_i(1+bD_it)^(−1/b)	q−t时刻的涌出速度 q_i—初始涌出速度 b—双曲指数 D_i—初始下降率 t—关井时长	无需收集大量废弃矿井资料，计算方法简便	参数获取时需要对矿井进行完整逸散量检测
分源叠加法^[45]	Q=Q₁+Q₂+Q₃	Q₁—游离气量 Q₂—吸附气量 Q₃—溶解气量	准确度较高	参数多，需要大量矿井原始资料
间接扣减评估法^[46]	Q=Q_Y−Q_CH−Q_S	Q_Y—原始矿井煤层气量 Q_CH—抽排出的煤层气量 Q_S—逸散损失煤层气量	原理较简单，涉及参数适中	参数获取途径较困难，准确性较低

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