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摘要:
煤中有害微量元素对生态环境和人体健康的潜在影响是地球化学和能源环境领域研究的热点之一，地球化学制图对深刻理解地球化学过程及其变化规律具有重要作用。目前，尚缺乏中国煤中有害微量元素含量的空间分布图。通过对中国煤炭样品中1 167个Be、1 315个Co、1 406个Cu、1 191个Mo、1 247个Th 和1 390个Zn含量数据进行统计分析，测算中国煤中Be、Co、Cu、Mo、Th 和 Zn 的平均含量，并利用ArcGIS技术绘制中国煤中Be、Co、Cu、Mo、Th、Zn的含量地球化学空间分布地图。结果表明：中国煤中有害微量元素含量跨度大，数据分布呈正偏性，不符合正态分布特征；中国煤中Be、Co、Cu、Mo、Th和Zn 的平均含量分别为2.10、5.53、21.36、2.19、7.35和30.02 mg/kg；各元素含量的空间分布极不均匀；煤中有害微量元素含量空间分布格局是多种因素综合作用的结果，如物源区母岩、热液作用、水运移作用等，其中热液作用是煤中有害微量元素异常富集的典型特征。研究成果可为煤中微量元素研究和环境管理提供直观有效的参考。
Abstract:The potential impact of harmful trace elements in coal on the ecological environment and human health is one of the hot topics in the fields of geochemistry and energy environment. Geochemical mapping plays an important role in the deep understanding of geochemical processes and their changing laws. However, previous studies have not provided the national geochemical maps of harmful trace elements in Chinese coals. In this study, the content data of 1 167 Be, 1 315 Co, 1 406 Cu, 1 191 Mo, 1 247 Th, and 1 390 Zn in Chinese coal samples are analyzed, and their average contents are measured. The supporting data are obtained from the trace elements in coal of China (TECC) database. The geochemical maps of Be, Co, Cu, Mo, Th, and Zn in Chinese coals have been published by using ArcGIS mapping. The main conclusions are as follows. The content of harmful trace elements in Chinese coals has a large span and the data distribution is positively biased, which does not conform to the normal distribution. The average content of Be, Co, Cu, Mo, Th and Zn in Chinese coals is 2.10, 5.53, 21.36, 2.19, 7.35 and 30.02 mg/kg, respectively. The spatial distribution of the content of harmful trace elements in Chinese coals is extremely uneven. The spatial distribution pattern of the content of harmful trace elements in coal is dependent on many factors, such as source-rock, hydrothermal action, water migration, etc. Among them, hydrothermal action is a typical feature of abnormal concentration of harmful trace elements in coal. This study can provide intuitive and effective references for geochemical research and environmental management of coal mines.
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Keywords:
- harmful trace element /
- spatial distribution /
- Be /
- Co /
- Cu /
- Mo /
- Th /
- Zn /
- coal /
- ArcGIS technology
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图 1 中国煤炭样品中 Be、Co、Cu、Mo、Th 和 Zn 的含量频率分布
Fig. 1 Concentration frequency distribution of Be, Co, Cu, Mo, Th and Zn in Chinese coals
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2 煤中 Be、Co、Cu、Mo、Th和Zn含量数据转换箱线图
2 Box plot representing the lg-transformed concentration distribution of Be, Co, Cu, Mo, Th, and Zn in Chinese coals
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图 3 中国含煤区和成煤时代分布
Fig. 3 Distribution of coal-bearing areas and coal-forming periods in China
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图 10 不同省(自治区、直辖市)煤中Be、Co、Cu、Mo、Th和Zn的平均含量
Fig. 10 Average concentration of Be, Co, Cu, Mo, Th and Zn in coals in different regions
表 1 样品数据统计指标
Table 1 Statistical indicators of sample data
指标 Be Co Cu Mo Th Zn 备注 样品数量 1167 1315 1406 1191 1247 1390 原始数据 标准差σ 31.17 17.10 37.44 47.67 18.79 58.69 变异系数cv 4.10 1.88 1.31 3.94 2.07 1.34 含量范围和算术平均值/(mg·kg−1) 0~542/7.61 0~250/9.11 0~559/28.66 0~665/12.10 0~581/9.08 0~865/43.70 Q3 (25%)/(mg·kg−1) 1 1.90 8.10 0.90 2.58 12.85 Q2 (50%)/(mg·kg−1) 2 4.30 16.71 1.85 5.69 24.76 Q1 (75%)/(mg·kg−1) 3.63 10.25 36.77 4.91 12.13 50.47 样品数量 1002 1190 1306 984 1162 1255 剔除异
常值后
的数据标准差σ 1.65 5.05 18.05 2.12 6.27 24.49 变异系数cv 0.78 0.91 0.85 0.97 0.85 0.82 含量范围和算术平均值/(mg·kg−1) 0.05~7.51/2.10 0.04~22.73/5.53 0.06~78.5/21.36 0.01~10.6/2.19 0.04~26.1/7.35 0.38~106/30.02 元素平均含量
/(mg·kg−1)Dai Shifeng等[22] 2.11 7.08 17.5 3.08 5.84 41.4 任德贻等[23] 2.13 7.05 18.35 3.11 5.81 42.18 唐修义等[24] 1.90 7.00 13.00 4.00 6.00 38.00 白向飞等[25] 1.75 10.62 17.87 2.70 5.88 — 
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