Detection performance of the azimuthal electromagnetic wave logging instrument at coal-rock interface in horizontal wells
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摘要: 煤岩界面的预先、精准识别是实现智能化开采，提高开采效率和降低成本的关键技术之一，方位电磁波测井已在石油测井岩性界面识别中获得较好效果，但对煤岩界面识别情况的研究较少。为了研究方位电磁波在煤田测井环境中的适用性和探测性能，使用一维广义反射系数法计算磁场分量，并使用快速Hankel变换加快积分计算速度，模拟线圈系组合方式、频率、源距、线圈系半径、电阻率对比度、发射电流和电阻率各向异性对煤田方位电磁波测井响应的影响。结果表明：方位电磁波测井仪器能够分辨煤岩界面，对煤岩界面识别具有较大的应用潜力。线圈系半径和发射电流主要影响仪器响应信号的大小；在一定电阻率对比度范围内，幅度比和相位差在界面附近的幅值随电阻率对比度增大而增大，高阻地层电阻率各向异性对幅度比和相位差影响较小；仪器发射频率、源距、电阻率对比度同时影响方位信号最大探边深度。Abstract: The advance and accurate identification of coal-rock interfaces is one of the key technologies to realize intelligent mining, improve mining efficiency and reduce cost. Azimuthal electromagnetic wave logging has achieved good results in lithologic interface identification of petroleum logging, but the identification of coal-rock interface is seldom studied. For the purpose of studying the applicability and detection performance of azimuthal electromagnetic wave in the coalfield logging environment, the one-dimensional generalized reflection coefficient method is used to calculate the magnetic field component, and the fast Hankel transform is used to accelerate the integral calculation speed. What is more, the effects of coil system combination mode, frequency, source distance, radius of coil system, resistivity contrast, emission current and resistivity anisotropy on azimuth electromagnetic logging response in the coal field are simulated. The results show that the azimuthal electromagnetic wave logging instrument can distinguish the coal-rock interface and has a great application potential in coal-rock interface recognition. The radius of the coil system and the emission current mainly affect the size of the instrument response signal. In a certain range of resistivity contrast, the amplitude ratio and phase difference near the interface increase with the increase of resistivity contrast, and the resistivity anisotropy has little effect on the amplitude ratio and phase difference in high resistivity formation. The transmitting frequency, source distance and resistivity contrast of the instrument simultaneously affect the maximum edge depth of the azimuth signal.
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图 1 不同方位电磁波仪器线圈系组合
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of coil system combination of the electromagnetic wave instrument in different directions(T is the transmitting coil and R is the receiving coil)
图 3 三层地层模型
$ \alpha $—井斜角；$ {\rho _{\rm{U}}} $—顶板电阻率；$ {\rho _{\rm{C}}} $—煤层电阻率；$ {\rho _{\rm{D}}} $—底板电阻率
Fig. 3 The three-layer stratigraphic model
图 5 不同发射频率响应信号对比
Fig. 5 Comparison diagrams of different transmitted frequency response signals
图 6 不同源距响应信号对比
Fig. 6 Comparison diagrams of response signals from different source distances
图 7 不同线圈系半径测量响应对比
Fig. 7 Comparison diagrams of measurement response of different coil system radii
图 9 不同电阻率对比度响应对比
Fig. 9 Comparison diagrams of contrast responses of different resistivity
图 10 不同电阻率对比度时的地质信号最大值变化曲线
Fig. 10 Variation law of the maximum value of geological signals with different resistivity contrast
图 14 地质信号边界探测能力随电阻率对比度变化的“Picasso”图
Fig. 14 Picasso maps of geological signal boundary detection capability varying with resistivity contrast
图 15 最大探边距离随源距和频率变化的“Picasso”图
Fig. 15 Picasso maps of maximum probe distance change with source distance and frequency
表 1 常用钻杆尺寸
Table 1 Common drill pipe dimensions
应用领域 直径/mm 煤矿 63.5, 73.0, 82.0, 89.0, 108.0 油田 73.0, 89.0, 101.6, 127.0, 139.7 
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