神府区块深部煤层气钻完井关键技术及应用

王鹏; 李斌; 王昆剑; 张红杰; 张迎春; 杜佳; 张林强; 王晓琪; 苏海岩; 陈光辉; 杨睿月

doi:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.24.01.0079

神府区块深部煤层气钻完井关键技术及应用

王鹏^{1, 2,},
李斌^{1, 2},
王昆剑^{1, 2},
张红杰^{1, 2},
张迎春^{1, 2},
杜佳^{1, 2},
张林强^{1, 2},
王晓琪^{1, 2},
苏海岩^{1, 2},
陈光辉^{1, 2},
杨睿月^3, ,

1.
中联煤层气有限责任公司，北京 100016
2.
三气共采省技术创新中心，山西太原 030008
3.
中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室，北京 102249

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(52274014)；中国海洋石油有限公司综合科研课题(KJZH-2023-2303)

详细信息

作者简介:
王鹏，1983年生，男，河北衡水人，硕士，高级工程师，从事非常规油气钻完井工程技术研究. E-mail：wangpeng3@cnooc.com.cn

通讯作者:
杨睿月，1989年生，女，内蒙古四子王旗人，博士，教授，博士生导师，从事高压水射流钻完井理论与技术研究. E-mail：yangruiyue@cup.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE257
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-29
- 修回日期: 2024-06-05
- 录用日期: 2024-08-24
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-02
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-22

Critical drilling and completion techniques for deep coalbed methane in the Shenfu block and their applications

WANG Peng^{1, 2,},
LI Bin^{1, 2},
WANG Kunjian^{1, 2},
ZHANG Hongjie^{1, 2},
ZHANG Yingchun^{1, 2},
DU Jia^{1, 2},
ZHANG Linqiang^{1, 2},
WANG Xiaoqi^{1, 2},
SU Haiyan^{1, 2},
CHEN Guanghui^{1, 2},
YANG Ruiyue^3, ,

1.
China United Coalbed Methane Co., Ltd., Beijing 100016, China
2.
Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Coal Measure Gas Co-production, Taiyuan 030008, China
3.
National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

摘要

摘要:
目的
深部煤层具有高地应力、中高温度、特低渗透、强压缩性、强非均质性等特点，目前尚未形成成熟的开发技术体系，复杂的地质特征为钻井与完井工程带来了新的技术难题与挑战，亟需开展针对深部煤储层地质特征的钻完井理论与技术攻关，助力油气增储上产，保障国家能源战略安全。
方法
基于鄂尔多斯盆地东缘神府区块深部煤层气开发先导性试验，研发了一套高效钻完井关键技术。
结果和结论
(1)针对深部煤层井壁稳定性差、钻速低、钻井周期长，通过优化二开井身结构、优选钻井液体系与“一趟钻”技术，并结合井眼轨迹精细化控制，实现了深部煤层一体化高效钻进，助力“新优快”井台建设落地。(2)针对深部煤层地质特征复杂、采用常规压裂规模产量低，形成了以“定向射孔+前置酸液降破压+段内多簇密切割+高排量大规模+一体化变黏滑溜水+暂堵转向+多粒径组合支撑剂”为核心的复合极限规模化压裂技术体系。(3)基于“一区一策+全局寻优”的工作理念，设计立体井网工厂化钻完井作业模式，最优水平井距为350 m时，“拉链式”压裂模式效果最佳。(4)“深部煤层气+致密气”协同开采，获得了更高的工业气流，多气合采是提升鄂尔多斯盆地东缘非常规天然气开发效益的重要措施。研究结果有望为鄂尔多斯盆地深部煤层高效钻完井技术提供理论指导与实践经验。
- 深部煤层气 /
- 神府区块 /
- 工厂化钻完井模式 /
- 体积压裂 /
- 多气协同开发
Abstract:
Objective
Deep coal seams exhibit high in-situ stress, moderate to high temperatures, ultra-low permeability, high compressibility, and significant heterogeneity, leading to the absence of mature technical systems for their exploitation presently. The complex geological characteristics of deep coal seams pose new technical challenges to their drilling and completion engineering, rendering it urgent to tackle theoretical and technical challenges in drilling and completion tailored to the geological characteristics of deep coal seam reservoirs. The purpose is to achieve the reserve growth and production addition of hydrocarbons in order to guarantee China’s strategic energy security.
Methods
Based on the pilot tests for deep coalbed methane (CBM) production in the Shenfu block along the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, a set of critical techniques have been developed for efficient drilling and completion.
Results and Conclusions
(1) Given the low wellbore stability, low drilling rates, and prolonged drilling cycles of deep coal seams, integrated and efficient drilling of deep coal seams has been achieved by optimization using a second-spud-in casing program, the optimal drilling fluid system, and “one-trip drilling” technique, combined with fine-scale control of borehole trajectories. Such technology can boost the construction of innovative, optimized, and efficient well platforms. (2) To address the challenge posed by the complex geological characteristics and low hydrocarbon production through conventional fracturing of deep coal seams, a composite extremely large-scale fracturing technology system has been developed, which centers on directional perforation, pre-acid to reduce fracturing pressure, multi-cluster closely spaced fracturing within intervals, large-scale fracturing at high injection rates of fracturing fluids, integrated viscosity-variable slickwater, temporary plugging and diverting, and proppants with multiple grain sizes. (3) Following the work philosophy of one strategy for one block and global optimization, a factory drilling and completion operation mode for a stereoscopic well pattern has been designed, with the zipper fracturing mode manifesting the best performance at an optimal horizontal well spacing of 350 m. (4) The high industrial gas flow from the commingled production of deep CBM and tight gas proves that multi-gas commingled production serves as a significant measure to enhance the production efficiency of unconventional natural gas along the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin. It is expected that the findings of this study will provide theoretical guidance and practical experience for the efficient drilling and completion techniques for deep coal seams in the Ordos Basin.
- deep coalbed methane(CBM) /
- Shenfu block /
- factory drilling and completion operation mode /
- reservoir volume fracturing /
- multi-gas collaborative productiont

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图 1 神府区块煤层厚度分布^[12]

Fig. 1 Isopach map of coal seams in the Shenfu block^[12]

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图 2 二开水平井

Fig. 2 A second-spud horizontal well

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图 3 钻进中出现掉块井对比

Fig. 3 Comparison of the proportions of wells with falling blocks during drilling

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图 4 钻井液体系抑制性对比

Fig. 4 Comparison of the inhibitory effects of drilling fluid systems

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图 5 定向射孔

Fig. 5 Directional perforation

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图 6 优势靶区集中射孔

Fig. 6 Centralized perforation in a dominant target area

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图 7 选段选簇原则

Fig. 7 Principle behind interval and cluster selecting

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图 8 一体化变黏滑溜水及其携砂效果

Fig. 8 Integrated viscosity-variable slickwater and its proppant transport performance

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图 9 变黏滑溜水滤失性能

Fig. 9 Loss of viscosity-variable slickwater

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图 10 现场所用暂堵绳结

Fig. 10 Rope knots used on site for temporary plugging

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图 11 水平井缝网压裂后井周应力场模拟结果

Fig. 11 Simulation results of the stress field around a horizontal well after fracture network fracturing

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图 12 “先−后”顺序压裂与“拉链式”压裂缝网形态对比

Fig. 12 Comparison between fracture network morphologies formed by sequential fracturing and zipper fracturing

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图 13 不同井距下井组的归一化产能

Fig. 13 Normalized production capacity of well groups with different well spacingss

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图 14 不同井距下压裂缝网形态

Fig. 14 Fracture network morphologies under different well spacings

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图 15 平行板物模实验结果

Fig. 15 Results of parallel-plate physical simulation experiments

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图 16 不同排量下产气量

Fig. 16 Gas production under different injection rates of fracturing fluids

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图 17 A井排采曲线

Fig. 17 Production curves of well A

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图 18 B井排采曲线

Fig. 18 Production curves of well B

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图 19 2口水平井微地震监测结果

Fig. 19 Microseismic monitoring results of two wells

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图 20 深部煤层气协同开发效果对比

Fig. 20 Comparison of commingled production performance for deep coal seams

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图 21 煤层气+致密气协同开采效果对比

Fig. 21 Comparison of commingled production performance of CBM and tight gas

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图 22 套管补贴井产能

Fig. 22 Production capacity of wells with casing patches

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表 1 一体化变黏滑溜水性能参数

Table 1 Performance parameters of integrated viscosity-variable slickwater

序号	参数	指标/要求		数值
1	pH	6~9		7
2	表观黏度/ (mPa·s)	低黏	(1,10]	3
		中黏	(10,20]	15
		高黏	(20,40]	28
3	降阻率/%	低黏	≥70	83.4
		中黏		80.1
		高黏		78.2
4	增黏速率/%	≥80%		88.7
5	基质渗透损害率/%	≤15%		11.2
6	破胶时间/min	≤120		60
7	结垢趋势	无		无
8	破胶后表面张力/(mN·m⁻¹)	≤28		22.4
9	破胶后表观黏度/(mPa·s)	<5		1.0
10	破胶液防膨率/%	≥60		87.1
11	CST比值	<1.5		1.06
12	配伍性	室温和储层温度下均无絮凝现象，无沉淀产生(清水)		室温和储层温度下均无絮凝现象，无沉淀产生(清水)
注：CST为滑溜水和卷心粉混合物扩散到滤纸时间比。

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表 2 模型基本参数

Table 2 Fundamental parameters of the model

类别	参数	数值
地层参数	目标层位	8号煤层
	垂深/m	1800
	弹性模量/GPa	8~14
	泊松比	0.29~0.39
	最小水平主应力/MPa	40~44
	水平两向应力差/MPa	5.5~6.7
	储隔层应力差/MPa	5~9
压裂参数	水平段长/m	1000
	施工排量/(m³·min⁻¹)	18
	压裂液类型	变黏滑溜水
	支撑剂类型	组合粒径石英砂

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表 3 微地震监测结果参数

Table 3 Parameters for microseismic monitoring results

井号	累积产气量/10⁴ m³	缝长/m	缝宽/m	缝高/m	SRV/m³
C	264.39	290~390	170~242	20~30	19261000
D	116.52	253~351	112~191	20~30	16229437
注：SRV为储层改造体积。

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神府区块深部煤层气钻完井关键技术及应用

作者简介: 王鹏，1983年生，男，河北衡水人，硕士，高级工程师，从事非常规油气钻完井工程技术研究. E-mail：wangpeng3@cnooc.com.cn

通讯作者: 杨睿月，1989年生，女，内蒙古四子王旗人，博士，教授，博士生导师，从事高压水射流钻完井理论与技术研究. E-mail：yangruiyue@cup.edu.cn

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Critical drilling and completion techniques for deep coalbed methane in the Shenfu block and their applications

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作者简介:
王鹏，1983年生，男，河北衡水人，硕士，高级工程师，从事非常规油气钻完井工程技术研究. E-mail：wangpeng3@cnooc.com.cn

通讯作者:
杨睿月，1989年生，女，内蒙古四子王旗人，博士，教授，博士生导师，从事高压水射流钻完井理论与技术研究. E-mail：yangruiyue@cup.edu.cn