Evaluation on the resolution ability of underground transient electromagnetic instrument to disaster-causing water bodies
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摘要: 井下瞬变电磁随掘探测技术是探测掘进面前方致灾水体的有效方法，从硬件方面评估仪器对致灾水体的分辨能力，是仪器能够在井下正确使用的重要手段。通过比较二次场绝对差和仪器分辨率、叠加后背景噪声之间的大小关系，分析含水致灾体识别的硬件条件和评估依据；提出从硬件方面评估井下瞬变电磁对致灾水体分辨能力的计算方法：根据致灾水体结构建立三维地质模型，推导梯形波关断与负阶跃波关断二次场感应电压的关系，在GPU上采用全空间三维有限差分并行算法计算了致灾水体二次场响应；测量某瞬变电磁仪的关断时间和综合噪声，根据致灾水体的硬件分辨依据，从硬件方面评估井下瞬变电磁仪对导水陷落柱、充水采空区的分辨能力。为井下瞬变电磁探测仪器的研制和现场准确探测提供技术参考，具有重大的研究意义。Abstract: The downhole transient electromagnetic detection technology is an effective method to detect the disaster-causing water body in front of the tunneling. It is an important means to evaluate the instrument's resolution ability to disaster-causing water from the aspect of hardware for the instrument to be used correctly in underground mines. By comparing the magnitude relationship between the absolute difference of the secondary field, the resolution of the instrument and the background noise after superposition, the hardware conditions and evaluation basis for distinguishing the water-bearing hazards are analyzed. A calculation method for evaluating the resolution ability of underground transient electromagnetic to disaster-causing water body from the aspect of hardware is put forward. A three-dimensional geological model is established based on the structure of the disaster-causing water body, and the relationship between the trapezoidal wave turn-off and the negative step wave turn-off secondary field induced voltage was deduced, and the full-space three-dimensional finite difference parallel was adopted on the GPU. The algorithm calculates the secondary field response of the disaster-causing water body. The turn-off time and background noise of a transient electromagnetic instrument are measured. According to the hardware discrimination basis of the disaster-causing water body, the ability of the underground transient electromagnetic instrument to distinguish water-conducting subsidence column and water-filled goaf was evaluated from the hardware aspect. The development of downhole transient electromagnetic detection instruments and accurate on-site detection provide technical reference, which is of great research significance.
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图 2 从硬件方面评估井下瞬变电磁仪对致灾水体的分辨能力计算流程
Fig. 2 The calculation flowchart for evaluating the resolution ability of the downhole transient electromagnetic instrument to the disaster-causing water body from the hardware aspect
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图 4 网格剖分示意图及Yee晶胞格式
Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of meshing using Yee grid and Yee cell format
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图 5 NVIDA Tesla T4显卡和GPU运行状态
Fig. 5 NVIDIA Tesla T4 graphics card and GPU operating state diagram
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图 9 不同距离下充水陷落柱与线圈感应电压衰减曲线
Fig. 9 Attenuation curves of induced voltage at different distances between water-filled column and coil
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图 10 充水陷落柱与线圈不同距离下二次场绝对差
Fig. 10 The absolute difference of the secondary field at different distances between the water-filled collapse column and the coil
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图 12 不同距离下充水采空区与线圈感应电压衰减曲线
Fig. 12 Attenuation curves of induced voltage at different distances between water-filled goaf and coil
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图 13 不同距离下充水采空区与线圈二次场绝对差
Fig. 13 The absolute difference of the secondary field at different distances between the water-filled goaf and the coil
表 1 模型参数
Table 1 Model parameters
地层岩性 长×宽×高/(m×m×m) 电阻率/(Ω·m) 砂岩 5 385×5 385×2 690 400 煤 5 385×5 385×6 500 砂岩 5 385×5 385×100 400 灰岩 5 385×5 385×2 590 700 
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表 2 仪器参数
Table 2 Instrument parameters
计算参数类别 指标 装置形式 中心回线 发射电流/A 2.8 关断时间/μs 12 每匝发射回线面积/m2 4 发射回线匝数 10 磁探头有效面积/m2 4 800 综合噪声/μV 10
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