Application of in-seam wave technology in geological anomaly detection of Yangquan Mining Area
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摘要: 通过回顾近几年槽波地震探测技术在阳泉矿区的发展历程及应用情况，总结阳泉矿区槽波发育特征，详细分析阳泉矿区发育的断层、陷落柱等地质异常体的槽波探测效果，并对各区域矿井槽波特征进行总结，针对发育不同构造的矿井，分析总结相应的槽波传播规律和解释方法。结果表明：槽波探测工作面在阳泉矿区达到200多个，在15号煤层探测应用最多，达到58个工作面，主要解决断层、陷落柱、挠曲、顶底板破碎带等地质异常体的探测问题，探测结果总体准确率在82.2 %以上；阳泉矿区槽波发育特征：3~6 m煤厚槽波发育中等至良好，煤厚小于2 m的晋南地区，槽波发育一般；槽波Airy相速度960~1 000 m/s，不同地区速度相差不大；Airy相频率与煤厚相关，煤层越厚，Airy相频率越低；相同煤层中，槽波Airy相速度与频率相差不大；根据回采验证情况，不同煤层及地区，探测效果差别较大；对槽波探测不同地质异常体的问题，从数据采集、处理与综合解释上给出了建议；今后需进一步加强槽波对构造煤、瓦斯富集区、应力异常等地质灾害的探测研究，深化槽波在地质保障领域的应用范围，为矿井安全生产及工作面透明化提供可靠的地质保障。Abstract: By reviewing the application history of in-seam wave seismic detection technology in Yangquan Mining Area in recent years, this paper summarizes the characteristics of in-seam wave in Yangquan Mining Area, and analyzes the in-seam wave detection effect of geological anomalies such as faults and collapse columns in Yangquan Mining Area. The characteristics of in-seam waves in various regions are summarized, and the propagation patterns and the interpretation methods of in-seam wave in the regions are proposed. The results show that there are more than 200 working faces adopted in-seam seismic detection in Yangquan Mining Area, among which 58 working faces are used in No.15 coal seam, which mainly solves the detection problems of geological abnormal bodies such as faults, collapse columns, deflection, roof and floor breakage, and the overall accuracy rate of detection results is more than 82.2%. The characteristics of in-seam waves in Yangquan Mining Area are as follows. In-seam wave development is moderate to good in coal seams of 3-6 m thickness. In the south of Shanxi where the coal thickness is less than 2 m, in-seam wave is generally developed. The Airy velocity of in-seam waves are 960-1 000 m/s, and there is little difference in different regions. The Airy frequency is related to coal thickness, and the thicker the coal seam, the lower the Airy frequency. In the same coal seams, differences of velocity and frequency is not significant. According to the results of mining verification, the effect of detection from different coal seams and regions are quite different. For detection of geological anomalies by in-seam waves, suggestions are given from data collection, processing and comprehensive interpretation. The detection methods need be strengthened in the future to detect more geological disasters such as structural coal, gas enrichment areas, and stress anomalies. With extension of its application, in-seam wave technology will provides reliable geological protection for safe production and promote transparency for working faces of coal mines.
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图 4 华阳集团各矿完成槽波探测统计
Fig. 4 Statistics of in-seam seismic detection completed in Huayang Group
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图 5 槽波探测各煤层数量分布
Fig. 5 Distribution number of in-seam wave detection in each coal seam
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图 7 阳泉矿区煤层单炮及频散特征
Fig. 7 The characteristics of single shot and frequency dispersion of coal seam in Yangquan Mining Area
表 1 阳泉矿区煤层槽波发育特征
Table 1 Development characteristics of in-seam wave in Yangquan Mining Area
区域 煤层(不同矿井) 煤厚/m Airy相频率/Hz Airy相速度/(m·s–1) 顶板岩性 底板岩性 构造复杂程度 地质异常体 槽波发育 阳泉市内 15 6 110 990 黑色泥岩 炭质泥岩 一般 断层、陷落柱、挠曲 良好 8、15 5 170 1 000 砂质泥岩 泥岩 简单 断层、陷落柱 良好 15 6 120 1 000 砂质泥岩 炭质泥岩 简单 断层、陷落柱、挠曲 良好 15 5 180 970 泥岩 泥岩 一般 断层、陷落柱 良好 盂县 15 4 220 970 泥岩 泥岩 复杂 断层 中等 15 4.6 150 980 砂质泥岩 砂质泥岩 复杂 断层、陷落柱 中等 15 6 120 980 砂质泥岩 砂质泥岩 复杂 断层 中等 15 5 180 960 砂质泥岩 砂质泥岩 复杂 断层、陷落柱 中等 寿阳 3、9 3 300 970 砂质泥岩 砂质泥岩 复杂 断层、陷落柱 中等 8、15 2.5 250 950 3、9 2 330 990 平定 15 5 180 960 泥岩 泥岩 一般 断层、陷落柱 良好 15 8 100 990 砂质泥岩 砂质泥岩 和顺 15 6 120 990 砂质泥岩 泥岩 一般 断层、陷落柱 中等 15 6 110 980 昔阳 15 5 130 980 砂质泥岩 炭质泥岩 复杂 断层、陷落柱、挠曲 中等 清徐 2、5 2 350 960 泥岩 泥岩 极复杂 断层、陷落柱 较差 晋北 13 14 80 960 泥质砂岩 泥质砂岩 复杂 断层 良好 2 4 150 990 断层 2 5 130 980 断层、陷落柱 晋南 2、3 2 300 970 炭质泥岩 炭质泥岩 复杂 断层 一般 3 2 290 990 泥岩 泥岩 2 2 290 980 泥岩 泥岩 2 2 300 960 黑色泥岩 黑色泥岩 9 2 300 980 黑色泥岩 黑色泥岩 2 2 290 980 泥岩 泥岩 
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表 2 阳泉矿区槽波验证情况
Table 2 In-seam wave verification in Yangquan Mining Area
区域 地质异常体解释数量 准确率/% 区域 地质异常体解释数量 准确率/% 断层 陷落柱 挠曲 其他 断层 陷落柱 挠曲 其他 阳泉市内 3 9 3 88.2 和顺 2 1 3 80.0 2 2 1 83.3 4 5 80.7 7 13 22 97.6 昔阳 3 9 2 1 89.8 5 3 4 80.0 清徐 6 10 3 79.0 盂县 1 3 1 83.3 晋北 10 86.5 1 6 2 90.0 1 88.1 2 1 1 80.0 9 85.3 2 2 4 72.7 晋南 4 3 73.4 寿阳 5 16 80.7 6 5 72.7 7 11 1 78.9 14 80.7 2 20 1 85.0 7 78.5 平定 1 17 1 82.4 1 2 79.6 29 12 85.5 3 75.0 合计 104 164 20 47 —
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