深部带压开采：传承与创新

尹尚先, 连会青, 徐斌, 田午子, 曹敏, 姚辉, 孟浩鹏

尹尚先, 连会青, 徐斌, 田午子, 曹敏, 姚辉, 孟浩鹏. 深部带压开采：传承与创新[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2021, 49(1): 170-181. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2021.01.018
引用本文: 尹尚先, 连会青, 徐斌, 田午子, 曹敏, 姚辉, 孟浩鹏. 深部带压开采：传承与创新[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2021, 49(1): 170-181. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2021.01.018
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YIN Shangxian, LIAN Huiqing, XU Bin, TIAN Wuzi, CAO Min, YAO Hui, MENG Haopeng. Deep mining under safe water pressure of aquifer: Inheritance and innovation[J]. COAL GEOLOGY & EXPLORATION, 2021, 49(1): 170-181. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2021.01.018
Citation: YIN Shangxian, LIAN Huiqing, XU Bin, TIAN Wuzi, CAO Min, YAO Hui, MENG Haopeng. Deep mining under safe water pressure of aquifer: Inheritance and innovation[J]. COAL GEOLOGY & EXPLORATION, 2021, 49(1): 170-181. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2021.01.018
shu

 

深部带压开采：传承与创新

  • 1. 华北科技学院 河北省矿井灾害防治重点实验室, 北京 101601;

  • 2. 中国矿业大学(北京) 能源与矿业学院, 北京 100083

基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目（51774136，51974126）；河北省自然科学基金重点项目（D2017508099）

详细信息
    作者简介:

    尹尚先,1964年生,男,山西朔州人,博士,教授,博士生导师,从事煤矿防治水工作.E-mail:yinshx03@126.com

  • 中图分类号: TD745

Deep mining under safe water pressure of aquifer: Inheritance and innovation

  • 1. Hebei State Key Laboratory of Mine Disaster Prevention, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 101601, China;

  • 2. School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

摘要

    摘要
  • 摘要: 回顾了带压开采的传承与创新发展历程。阐述带压开采的概念及充要条件，以带压开采的内涵为基础，定义侵蚀基准面为浅部和深部带压开采的分界线（面），明确承压水上采煤为带压开采，而含水层“下”采煤不属于带压开采范畴，纠正《煤矿安全规程》中有关“顶、底板带压”的不妥表述。梳理了直接为带压开采服务的理论和技术，探（探查）、治（防治）、保（保障）3项技术，机理（致灾机理）、评价（危险性评价）、预测（灾变预测）3项理论，即构成带压开采理论技术体系；华北煤田奥陶系岩溶随深度增加发育减弱，由此推断，空间上深部岩溶径流带多形成在古岩溶系统中，而现代岩溶径流带则发育于现代岩溶中。深部隔水层损伤裂隙增多，为采后承压水导升奠定物质基础。总结对比了浅部和深部底板岩溶水害特征，阐明深部奥陶纪灰岩（简称奥灰）水突水机理，沿裂隙渗透、扩容、压裂，薄层灰岩中转，不断向上导升，形成大面积散流突水。从理论上说明突水系数已不适用隔水层厚度超出80 m的情形，提出厚、巨厚隔水层带压开采评价方法：p0 > 3σ3-σ1-pp+sT；依据隔水层厚度、底板破坏带、奥灰导升带、突水系数等因素将底板类型划分为5类隔水层，提出相应5级带压开采条件以及5种治理模式；针对深部带压开采复杂条件，倡导应用“全时空”水害综合防治思想理念及技术。面向未来，地质体+水流的本构模型仍是学术界需攻克的最大难题，现实的“卡脖子”难题，如深部岩溶发育规律、精细探查技术、水害机理及评价预测、综合治理技术等，是实现安全带压开采的关键。
    Abstract: The paper reviews the development course of inheritance and innovation of mining under pressure, expounds the concept and the necessary and sufficient conditions of mining under pressure, and on the basis of the connotation of mining under pressure, the base level of erosion is defined as the boundary(interface) of shallow and deep mining under pressure. The paper clarified that mining above confined water is mining under pressure, while mining under aquifer does not belong to the category, and corrects the improper expression of roof and floor pressure in "Coal Mine Safety Regulations". This paper summarizes the theory and technology directly serving the mining under pressure, the three technologies of exploration, prevention and protection, the three theories of mechanism(disaster mechanism), evaluation(risk evaluation) and prediction(disaster prediction), which constitute the theoretical and technical system of mining under pressure. The development of Ordovician karst in North China coalfield weakens with the increase of depth. It can be inferred that the deep karst runoff belt in space is mostly formed in the palaeo-karst system, while the modern karst runoff belt is developed in the modern karst. The damage fractures in the deep aquifuge increase, which lays a material foundation for the rise of confined water after mining. This paper summarizes and compares the characteristics of karst water damage in shallow and deep floor, and clarifies the mechanism of deep Ordovician limestone water inrush, the permeability, dilatancy, fracturing along the fracture, and continuously rise through the transfer of thin limestone, thus forming a large area of divergent flow. It is theoretically explained that the water inrush coefficient is no longer applicable to the case that the thickness of the aquifuge exceeds 80 m, and an evaluation method of mining under pressure of thick and extremely thick aquifuge is proposed:p0 > 3σ3-σ1-pp+sT. According to the thickness of the aquifuge, the height of the floor damage zone as well as the height of fracturing belt of the Ordovician limestone, and the water inrush coefficient, the floor is divided into five types of aquifuge, and the corresponding five levels of mining under pressure conditions and five treatment modes are put forward. Aiming at the complex conditions of deep mining under pressure, the paper advocates the application of "whole time-space" comprehensive water damage prevention ideas and technologies. Facing the future, the constitutive model of geological body + water flow is still the biggest problem to be overcome by the academic circle. Realistic problems of stranglehold, such as the development of deep karst, fine exploration technology, water damage mechanism and evaluation prediction, and comprehensive treatment technology, are the keys to realize the safe mining under pressure.
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-11-14
  • 修回日期:  2020-12-24
  • 发布日期:  2021-02-24

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