Abstract: The Jurassic sedimentary characteristics and palaeo-structure distribution of Longnan coalfield are researched based on the data analysis of study area. The research indicated that the palaeo-structure control the coal-bearing deposits through its controlling the distribution of water system and climates. The layers under coal seams in the study area generally containing fluvial sediments suggested that the coal developed in fluvial system. From early to middle Jurassic the coal-forming climate is characterized by migrating from west to east. Therefore, the direction of Wudu palaeo-river is the suitable direction for coal exploration.