Application of D-InSAR in monitoring the impacts of shaft grouting on surface and building deformations
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摘要: 【目的】在煤矿工程中，井壁破损对生产设施和矿井安全构成威胁，全面监测井筒注浆工程对工业广场及地表建筑物的变形影响，对保障矿山生产安全至关重要。【方法】以皖北矿区某煤矿为研究对象，选取覆盖该区域的15景Sentinel-1A影像数据，采用D-InSAR技术全面监测井筒注浆修复前后工业广场及地表建筑物沉降，获取了地表及建筑物动态变形信息，分析注浆活动对地表及建筑物的影响。【结果和结论】结果表明：(1) 与水准监测相比，D-InSAR地表沉降监测平均误差1.70 mm，最大误差2.70 mm，D-InSAR监测地表微小沉降精度可靠，能够满足工业广场地表沉降监测的要求。(2) 井筒注浆工程实施前，地表及建筑物呈持续下沉状态，监测期内最大下沉量为21.12 mm；工程实施后，下沉趋势减缓并逐渐趋于稳定；分析井筒应变监测结果和地面沉降变化可知，注浆修复效果显著，在井筒周围形成隔水帷幕。(3) 监测结果显示，注浆前后地表经历“连续下沉-微量抬升-轻微沉降-趋于稳定”4个阶段，注浆初期对地表沉降抑制作用明显，注浆中地表略有抬升，工程结束后轻微沉降直至稳定。(4) 监测期内主要建筑物变形均小于《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程》(2017版)中Ⅰ级损坏标准，处于安全阈值内，注浆工程进一步减缓了建筑物变形，保证建筑物安全。Abstract: [Objective] In coal mining engineering, damaged well walls pose a threat to the safety of production facilities and mines. Comprehensively monitoring the impacts of shaft grouting on the deformations of mine surface plants and surface buildings is critical for ensuring the safe production of mines. [Methods] This study investigated a coal mine in the mining area within northern Anhui Province. Using the 15 scenes of Sentinel-1A image data covering the coal mine and the differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) technology, this study comprehensively monitored the subsidence of mine surface plants and surface buildings before and after shaft grouting, obtaining information on the dynamic deformations of surface and buildings. Accordingly, this study analyzed the impacts of grouting on the surface and buildings. [Results and Conclusions] The results indicate that compared to leveling measurements, the D-InSAR-based land subsidence monitoring yielded an average error of 1.70 mm and a maximum error of 2.70 mm. These results demonstrate the reliable accuracy of D-InSAR in monitoring minor land subsidence, thus meeting the requirements for land subsidence monitoring in mine surface plants. Before shaft grouting, the surface and buildings were in a continuous subsidence state, with a maximum subsidence of 21.12 mm recorded during the monitoring period. After shaft grouting, their subsidence slowed down and then gradually stabilized. The analysis of shaft strain monitoring results and changes in land subsidence reveals that the grouting engineering exhibited remarkable remediation effects by forming an impermeable curtain around the shaft. The monitoring results show that the surface underwent four deformation stages, i.e., continuous subsidence, slight uplift, minor subsidence, and stabilization, before and after grouting. Specifically, initial grouting demonstrated a pronounced effect in curbing land subsidence. As the grouting progressed, the surface was slightly uplifted, followed by minor subsidence until stabilization after grouting completion. During the monitoring period, the deformations of major buildings remained within the safety threshold according to the Class I damage criterion specified in the Regulations for Coal Pillar Retention and Coal Mining thereunder for Buildings, Water bodies, Railways, and Main Shafts (2017 Edition). Therefore, grouting engineering can ensure the safety of buildings by further mitigating their deformations.
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Keywords:
- mine safety /
- shaft grouting /
- D-InSAR /
- land subsidence /
- building deformation
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