咸水层中液态与超临界CO<sub>2</sub>运移特征和封存方式

彭玺伊; 王延永; 李嵩; 王晓光; 崔国栋; 何勇明

咸水层中液态与超临界CO₂运移特征和封存方式

彭玺伊^1,2,
王延永^1,2,3, ,,
李嵩^1,2,
王晓光^1,2,3,
崔国栋⁴,
何勇明^1,2

1. 成都理工大学能源学院, 四川成都 610059;
2. 油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室 (成都理工大学), 四川成都 610059;
3. 天府永兴实验室, 四川成都 610213;
4. 中国地质大学(武汉) 工程学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

四川省科技计划资助项目(2022YFSY0008)；国家自然科学基金项目(52404021)

详细信息

作者简介:
彭玺伊，1994年生，女，四川安岳人，博士研究生。E-mail:upc_pxy@163.com

通讯作者:
王延永，1991年生，男，山东沾化人，博士，研究员。E-mail:wangyanyong@cdut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE357
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-15
- 修回日期: 2025-01-07

Transport and trapping characteristics of liquid and supercritical CO₂ in saline aquifers

Peng Xiyi^1,2,
Wang Yanyong^1,2,3, ,,
Li Song^1,2,
Wang Xiaoguang^1,2,3,
Cui Guodong⁴,
He Yongming^1,2

1. College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;
3. Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory, Chengdu 610213, China;
4. Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 【目的】 CO₂咸水层封存是实现大规模温室气体减排的关键技术。对离岸浅部咸水层，海洋低温环境与上覆海水压力作用使其温度和压力条件相较于相同埋深陆上咸水层差异明显，地层内CO₂可能以液态形式存在。与超临界态相比，液态CO₂的密度、黏度及其在地层水中的溶解度更高，影响其运移和封存过程。现有研究以超临界CO₂为主，液态CO₂在咸水层中的运移和封存规律缺乏深入认识。【方法】考虑液态与超临界态CO₂特征，构建了浮力与毛管力作用下CO₂运移与封存的数学模型。基于高精度两相渗流数值模拟，对比了注气结束后液态与超临界态CO₂在咸水层中的运移特征和封存方式变化规律。【结果和结论】结果表明：与超临界态相比，浮力主导下液态CO₂垂向运移速率降低，波及体积减小。25 a后不同封存方式下液态CO₂的封存量要明显低于超临界态，咸水层的封存容量更难被充分利用。局部毛管力封存占比55%，残余气封存约为40%，溶解气封存占比5%，相态对不同封存方式贡献的影响较小。地温梯度的增大有利于强化液态CO₂的垂向运移，增加其波及体积，提高不同封存方式封存量及咸水层封存容量的利用效率。相同埋深条件下，超临界CO₂在陆上与离岸咸水层中运移特征和封存量呈现明显差异。离岸咸水层中超临界CO₂的垂向运移被抑制，降低了局部毛管力和残余气作用下CO₂封存量，不利于咸水层封存容量的有效利用。研究成果可为陆上和离岸咸水层CO₂高效封存提供一定指导。
- 咸水层 /
- CO₂地质封存 /
- 相态 /
- 浮力 /
- 毛管力 /
- 封存方式
Abstract: [Objective] CO₂ sequestration in saline aquifers is a critical technology for achieving large-scale reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. In offshore shallow saline aquifers, the low-temperature marine environment and the pressure from overlying seawater create temperature and pressure conditions that differ significantly from those in onshore aquifers at equivalent burial depths. These conditions can allow CO₂ to exist in a liquid state. Compared to supercritical CO₂, liquid CO₂ has a higher density, viscosity, and solubility in formation brine, which influences its migration and sequestration behavior. While existing studies have primarily focused on supercritical CO₂, there remains a gap in understanding the migration and sequestration processes of liquid CO₂ in saline aquifers. [Methods] Considering the distinct characteristics of liquid and supercritical CO₂, a mathematical model is developed to analyze CO₂ migration and sequestration under the influence of buoyancy and capillary forces. Using high-resolution two-phase flow numerical simulations, this study compares the migration behavior and changes in sequestration forms of liquid and supercritical CO₂ in saline aquifers following the completion of gas injection. [Results and Conclusions] The results indicate that, compared to supercritical CO₂, the vertical migration rate of liquid CO₂ under buoyancy-dominated conditions is lower, resulting in a smaller swept volume. After 25 a, the total amount of liquid CO₂ sequestered across various trapping forms is significantly less than that of supercritical CO₂, making it more challenging to fully utilize the storage capacity of the saline aquifer. Local capillary trapping accounts for 55% of the total, residual trapping for about 40%, and dissolution trapping for 5%, with the impact of phase state on the contribution of different trapping forms being relatively minor. An increase in geothermal gradient enhances the vertical migration of liquid CO₂, increases its swept volume, and raises the sequestration quantity across different trapping forms, thereby improving the utilization of the saline aquifer’s storage capacity. Under the same burial depth, the migration characteristics and sequestration quantity of supercritical CO₂ differ significantly between onshore and offshore saline aquifers. In offshore saline aquifers, the vertical migration of supercritical CO₂ is inhibited, reducing sequestration quantities under local capillary and residual trapping, which hampers the effective utilization of the aquifer’s storage capacity. These findings provide valuable guidance for efficient CO₂ sequestration in both onshore and offshore saline aquifers.
- saline aquifer /
- CO₂ geological storage /
- phase behavior /
- buoyancy force /
- capillary force /
- trapping form

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