The characteristics of Karst Collapse Pillar Wall Angle and its significance in Xishan Coalfield
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摘要: 【意义】随着采掘向深部延伸，岩溶陷落柱已成为华北煤田矿井开采最隐蔽的致灾地质因素之一。柱壁角是描述陷落柱形态特征的重要指标之一。【方法和结果】以西山煤田上下煤层综采均切割过的265个岩溶陷落柱为数据源，通过分区、统计、函数构建、地质类比，挖掘西山煤田岩溶陷落柱柱壁角中蕴藏的地质信息，获得如下认识：(1)西山煤田陷落柱平均柱壁角为84.29°，超50%的陷落柱柱壁角在85°~90°，平均柱壁角自西北到东南逐渐增大，从82.05°增大到87.57°。(2)西山煤田陷落柱柱壁角与8号煤层揭露的陷落柱面积成反比，依据柱壁角与陷落柱面积大小关系，陷落柱划分为：充分塌陷陷落柱(90°~85°)、次充分塌陷陷落柱(＜85°~81°)、不充分塌陷陷落柱(＜81°)；对应的2号煤层陷落柱面积分别为＜556 m2、556~1 700 m2、＞1 700 m2，等效半径为＜13.3 m、13.3~23.3 m、＞23.3 m；对应的8号煤层陷落柱面积分别为＜1 250 m2、1 250~2 750 m2、＞2 750 m2，半径分别为＜20 m、20~30 m、＞30 m。充分塌陷陷落柱一般发育有柱顶空腔，柱体结构较为松散，可导通顶板裂隙水与柱顶空腔水，以及底板承压奥灰水，是西山煤田导水陷落柱的一种重要类型。【结论】类比地质历史时期降雨量结果显示，具有“北柱南相”的西山煤田岩溶陷落柱，可能形成于气候湿热的古近纪渐新世时期，强烈的岩溶作用吸收了大气中的CO2，并锁定在沉积区，可能是导致全球大气CO2含量急剧降低的重要原因。Abstract: With the extension of mining to the deep, karst collapse pillar has become one of the most hidden geological factors causing disaster in coal mining in North China. Pillar wall Angle is one of the important indexes to describe the morphological characteristics of collapsed pillars. Based on 265 karst collapse pillars cut by fully mechanized mining in upper and lower coal seams in Xishan coal field as data sources, the geological information contained in the wall corner of karst collapse pillars in Xishan coal field was excavated through zoning, statistics, function construction and geological analogy, and the following understanding was obtained: (1) The average pillar wall Angle of the collapse pillar in Xishan Coalfield is 82.49°, and the pillar wall Angle of over 50% of the collapse pillar is between 85 and 90°. The average pillar wall Angle increases gradually from northwest to southeast, from 82.05° to 87.57°. (2) The wall Angle of the collapse pillar in Xishan coal field is inversely proportional to the area of the collapse pillar revealed by No. 8 coal seam. According to the relationship between the wall Angle of the collapse pillar and the area of the collapse pillar, the collapse pillar can be divided into: full collapse pillar (90° ~ 85°), sub-full collapse pillar (85° ~ 81°) and inadequate collapse pillar (< 81°); The corresponding subsidence pillar area of No. 2 coal seam is less than 556 m2, between 556 and 1700 m2, and greater than 1700 m2, and the equivalent radius is less than 13.3m, 13.3 m-23.3m, and greater than 23.3m. The corresponding collapse pillar area of No. 8 coal seam is less than 1250m2, between 1250m2 and 2750m2, and greater than 2750m2. The radius is less than 20m, between 20 and 30m, and greater than 30m. The fully collapsed collapse pillar is an important type of water-conducting collapse pillar in Xishan coal field, which generally has the top cavity and the top cavity cavity, and the pillar structure is relatively loose. (3) The rainfall results of the geological historical period show that the karst collapse pillar in the Xishan coalfield with "north pillar and south phase" may have formed in the Paleo-Oligocene period with hot and humid climate. The strong karst process absorbed atmospheric CO2 and locked it in the sedimentary area, which may be an important reason for the sharp reduction of global atmospheric CO2 content.
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Keywords:
- Xishan Coalfield /
- Karst collapse pillar /
- pillar wall angle /
- full collapse pillar /
- formation time
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