Optimization and Validation of Multi-Cluster Perforation and Staged Hydraulic Fracturing Parameters in Horizontal Wells for Deep Coalbed Methane: A Case Study of the Jurassic Baijiahai Area, Junggar Basin
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摘要: 【目的】 水平井多簇射孔分段压裂已成为深层煤系气效益开发的有效途径之一。然而，深层煤特有的岩石力学性质、储层滤失特性和微裂缝发育特征与非常规页岩、致密砂岩及浅层煤等差异显著，现有压裂经验无法照搬，需要开展针对性压裂参数优化研究。【方法】 以准噶尔盆地白家海地区深层煤系气储层为对象，建立了顶底板-夹矸-煤复合地质构造的水平井多簇射孔分段压裂模型，模型考虑煤的层理、割理对裂缝扩展和储层滤失的影响，利用小压测试数据对储层关键参数进行修正，综合表征深层煤系气储层的物理力学特性。建立了多目标条件下最优泵注参数组合设计方法，获微地震监测数据验证。【结果和结论】 结果表明，变黏滑溜水体系相较低黏滑溜水体系、冻胶体系更适合深层煤系气压裂，兼具缝长、缝宽和裂缝均衡性的优势；获得目标区块压裂最优参数组合： 3簇+簇间距19 m+每米加砂量2.8 m3+排量16 m3/min。试验井微地震监测结果表明，优化后裂缝半长和改造体积分别增加了57.2%和12.3%。对隔层遮挡严重的深层煤系储层，裂缝在缝高方向通常难以突破，因此需要提高缝长和缝宽。增大砂量和排量可以显著提高缝长和缝宽，是提升改造效果的关键。Abstract: [Objective] Horizontal well staged fracturing and volume stimulation have become one of the effective approaches for the efficient development of deep coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoirs. Nevertheless, the distinctive rock mechanical properties, reservoir filtration characteristics, and micro-fracture development features of deep coal are notably distinct from those of unconventional shale, tight sandstone, and shallow coal. The existing fracturing experience cannot be simply replicated, and it is necessary to conduct targeted research on the optimization of fracturing parameters. [Methods] In this paper, the deep CBM reservoir in the Baijiahai area of the Junggar Basin is taken as the target. A horizontal well multi-cluster perforation staged fracturing model for composite geological structures such as top and bottom plates, partings, and coal was established. The influence of beddings and cleats on fracture propagation and reservoir filtration was considered. The key parameters of the reservoir were corrected by utilizing the data from pressure diagnosis, which enhanced the accuracy of the model, comprehensively characterizing the physical and mechanical properties of the deep CBM reservoir. The fracturing fluid system suitable for deep CBM reservoirs was optimized through numerical simulation, and a design method for the optimal combination of pumping parameters under multiple objectives was established. The optimization results were verified by the micro-seismic data of the test well. [Results and Conclusions] The results indicate that the variable viscosity slickwater system is more suitable for deep CBM reservoirs fracturing compared to the low-viscosity slickwater system and gel system, with advantages in terms of fracture length, fracture width, and fracture length balance. The optimal parameter combination for fracturing in the target block is obtained: 3 clusters per stage + cluster spacing of 19 m + proppant volume per meter of 2.8 m3 + pumping rate of 16 m3/min. The micro-seismic monitoring results of the test well demonstrate that after optimization, the fracture half-length and stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) has increased by 57.2%, 12.3%. A comparison of fracture geometries under different hydraulic fracturing parameter combinations reveals that, in deep coal reservoirs with severe interlayer barriers, fractures typically cannot propagate in the height direction. Therefore, increasing fracture length and width is necessary. Increasing proppant concentration and injection rate significantly enhances fracture length and width, which is crucial for improving reservoir stimulation.
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