Abstract: Based on the latest explorative data,the geological structure,evolution and the hydrocarbon geological conditions of Hefei Basin are systematically studied and discussed in this paper by means of theory and methods of tectonics and sedimentography.Indosinian Movement has resulted in the uniform basement and basic topography,the basic tectonic framework is "three depressions surrounding one uplift".The basin is endured four evolutional phases.In the early stage of basin evolution,it is mainly controlled by Dabie Orogenic Belt,it is prominent controlled by Tanlu fracture zone in the late stage,and controlled by the combined functions in the middle stage.Permo Carboniferous coal series have relative good coal gas potential,dark mudstones in Lower Jurassic,lower part of Middle Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous are the best source rocks.Indosinian Paleo weathering crust and central uplifted structures are the most favorable hydrocarbon habitats.