基于深度学习的准噶尔盆地叠后三维地震资料噪声压制

The noise suppression of 3D seismic data acquired from Junggar Basin based on deep learning

  • 摘要: 【目的】 准噶尔盆地是我国重要的含油气盆地,其勘探目标已进入深层。该盆地的复杂近地表条件、勘探目标深度以及“两宽一高”的三维地震数据采集方式导致地震资料信噪比低、数据量大,这些问题对勘探目标的落实产生了影响。因此,压制噪声并提高三维地震资料的品质对于实现勘探目标至关重要。【方法】 随着深度学习理论的发展和硬件性能的提升,深度神经网络的学习能力和处理效率得到了显著提高。为此,基于残差学习和批归一化技术,构建了三维去噪卷积神经网络(Three-dimensional denoising convolutional neural network,3D-DnCNN),并开发了适用于准噶尔盆地的基于深度学习的三维地震资料噪声压制流程。【结果和结论】 针对准噶尔盆地某大连片工区的实际需求,选取了覆盖次数高、信噪比高的区域的噪声压制结果构建高质量标签,并将训练好的3D-DnCNN网络应用于整个工区。研究结果表明,与常规工业流程相比,所提方法得到的同相轴一致性更好、断裂保持更完整、石炭系顶界与内幕更加清晰。此外,3D-DnCNN网络在高信噪比区域学习到的偏移画弧噪声特征,使其在整个工区的偏移画弧噪声压制能力优于常规工业流程。通过调整网络参数(如网络深度、卷积核大小及训练样本选择策略)可以进一步优化网络以适应不同地区的地震资料,从而增强了地震噪声压制技术的适用性和有效性。

     

    Abstract: Objective The Junggar Basin is an important oil- and gas-bearing basin in China, and the exploration targets have extended into deeper layers. The complex near-surface conditions, exploration target depth, and new 3D seismic data acquisition methods (the wide-azimuth, wide-bandwidth, and high-density data acquisition) in the basin have led to some challenges, such as low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and large data volumes, which affect the finding of exploration goals. Therefore, suppressing noise and improving the quality of 3D seismic data within the basin is crucial for finding the exploration goals. Method In recent years, the rapid development of deep learning theory has resulted in the great learning capabilities of deep neural networks, while the significant enhancement of hardware performance has enabled higher processing efficiency. Based on residual learning and batch normalization techniques, this study developed a 3D denoising convolutional neural network (3D-DnCNN) and proposed a deep learning-based 3D seismic data noise suppression workflow suited to the Junggar Basin. Results and Conclusion To suppress the noise for the dataset from a large area in the Junggar Basin, this paper selected noise suppression results from high-coverage, high-SNR areas to construct high-quality labels and applied the trained 3D-DnCNN network to the entire area. Compared with the results of conventional industrial workflows, the results of this study show better event consistency, intact fault preservation, and clearer top boundaries and internal features of the Carboniferous strata. Moreover, since the 3D-DnCNN network learned the characteristics of migration arch noise in high-SNR areas, its ability to suppress such noise across the entire area was also significantly superior to conventional industrial workflows. By adjusting network parameters (such as network depth, convolution kernel size, and training sample selection strategy), the network can be further optimized to adapt to seismic data from different regions, thereby enhancing the applicability and effectiveness of seismic noise suppression techniques.

     

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