Discovery and implications of the large deep coalbed methane in Shenfu gas field
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摘要: 【背景】鄂尔多斯盆地东缘神府区块历经近20年非常规天然气勘探，于2023年发现了千亿方深部煤层气储量。深部煤层气勘探初期，面临地质规律认识不足、压裂技术不成熟、排采工艺经验欠缺等难题。【方法和结果】通过管理和技术创新，双轮驱动，取得了良好的勘探成效。管理上，开创性施行了深部煤层气、致密砂岩气“互补式”和“立体式”勘探，打破专业壁垒、组织壁垒和业务壁垒，坚持“一井一策”，高效推进“钻-压-排”一体化；技术上，创新提出“微相控煤、源热控烃、温压控态”的深部煤层气成藏模式，建立选区标准并落实富集区，形成了地质-工程甜点评价技术，并探索应用复合立体缝网改造技术实现煤储层的改造体积最大化和渗流能力最优化，因地制宜地提出“快速返排-多级控压-阶梯稳步提产”的排采思路，形成欠饱和井、饱和井两大类排采制度，明确不同排采阶段的目标原则，建立3类井底流压下降模式，支撑探井达产稳产。【意义】通过一系列的管理和技术创新，神府大气田成功发现，展示了鄂尔多斯盆地东缘深部煤层气勘探开发的广阔前景，对我国类似盆地资源勘探和非常规油气增储上产具有重要指导意义。Abstract: [Background] After nearly 20 years of unconventional natural gas exploration in the Shenfu area on the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, a deep coalbed methane reserve of 100 billion cubic meters was discovered in 2023. In the early stage of deep coalbed methane exploration, it faced challenges such as insufficient geological understanding, immature fracturing technology, and lack of experience in drainage technology. [Methods and Results] Through management and technological innovation, driven by both wheels, good results have been achieved. In terms of management, innovative measures were taken to implement "complementary" and "vertical" exploration of deep coal seams and tight sandstone gas, breaking down professional barriers, organizational barriers, and business barriers, adhering to the principle of "one well, one policy", and efficiently promoting the integration of "drilling-fracturing-drainage". Technically, the innovative deep coalbed methane accumulation model of "microfacies-controlled coal, source heat-controlled hydrocarbon, temperature and pressure-controlled existence state" was proposed, and selection criteria and enrichment areas were established, forming a geological engineering sweet spot evaluation technology. The application of composite three-dimensional fracture network transformation technology was explored to maximize the transformation volume of coal reservoirs and optimize the seepage capacity. [Significance] The drainage ideas of "rapid backflow-multi-level pressure control-steady stepped production increase" were proposed according to local conditions, forming Undersaturated well and saturated well two major types of drainage systems, clarifying the target principles of different drainage stages, and establishing three types of bottomhole flow pressure decline models, and supporting exploration wells to achieve and stabilize production.
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