Study on mechanism and prevention technology mode of thick-hard roof induced punching in composite key stratum
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摘要: 【目的】厚硬顶板是诱发煤矿冲击地压、矿震等灾害的关键因素，其中煤层顶板发育有复合关键层厚硬顶板条件下灾害更为严重，揭示复合关键层厚硬顶板诱冲机制，构建防治技术模式迫在眉睫。【方法】运用物理相似模拟和力学分析等方法，建立复合关键层硬顶板和其非协同破断判识方法，揭示复合关键层厚硬顶板诱冲机制，优选防冲技术模式。【结果和结论】结果表明：(1)复合关键层厚硬顶板呈现“大-小”周期来压规律，来压期间声发射频次和微震能量分别为非来压的5.3倍与7.3倍；上、下位关键层厚硬顶板同步破断扰动叠加，叠合“周期”和“见方”来压效应诱发大型冲击地压灾害。(2)建立了以中性轴线为基础的复合关键层判识模型，两层及以上关键层厚硬顶板形成复合关键层前提是梁模型横截面上剪切应力不超过对应的抗剪强度。(3)形成了“悬臂梁”和“砌体梁”两种模式下合理破断线距离定量判识方法，提出了复合关键层厚硬顶板上、下单层和双层协同3种水力压裂卸压技术模式。(4)分析显示下位关键层压裂主要改变了厚硬顶板关键层完整性和强度，缩短了来压步距，无法控制上位关键层“拱壳”结构大能量冲击地压；上位关键层压裂控制“大周期”破断扰动载荷，减弱了复合关键层耦合效应，大幅降低冲击地压危险性，是冲击地压主控层位，“上-下位”关键层协同压裂为最优卸压防冲模式。该研究成果将为复合厚硬顶板冲击地压地压、矿震灾害区域的精准防治提供重要依据。Abstract: The key stratum of thick-hard roof is key factor to induce coal mine impact, mine earthquake and other disasters. The disaster is more serious under the condition that the coal seam roof has the key stratum of composite thick-hard roof, which is easy to induce large-scale rock burst disaster. Aiming at the rock burst disaster induced by the composite key stratum of thick-hard roof, the mechanical model of the composite key stratum of thick-hard roof is established, the stress equation of the tensile and compressive zone of the composite key stratum roof is constructed, and the identification method of the composite key stratum roof is given. Based on the typical composite key strata roof development working face as the background, using theoretical analysis and similar simulation, reveals the composite key strata roof strata breaking characteristics, reveals the upper and lower key strata roof synchronous breaking release dynamic load disturbance superposition, induced impact disaster mechanism. The non-cooperative fracture mechanics identification conditions of the composite key layer of 'cantilever beam' and 'masonry beam' are put forward, the reasonable distance of the fracture line of the upper and lower key layers is quantitatively determined, and the prevention and control technology mode of single-layer and double-layer cooperative staged fracturing weakening and pressure relief transformation of the upper and lower key layers is created. The characteristics of stress, deformation and surrounding rock failure under different fracturing modes are studied. The disaster-inducing mechanism of thick and hard roof of composite key strata in upper and lower key strata is pointed out, and the fracture relationship of overlying strata under different fracturing modes is analyzed. The results show that the fracturing of the lower key layer mainly changes the thick-hard roof.
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Keywords:
- thick-hard roof /
- rock burst /
- composite key layer /
- synergy weakening /
- staged fracturing
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