Discussion on the coal measure gas co-mining method by the stratified pressure relief in surface wells
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摘要: 为了进一步认识制约煤系气合采的因素，提高煤系合层排采各产层的产气贡献，分别从动力、通道和气源条件出发，分析了煤系气合采的必备因素。基于改变地应力状态提高储层导流能力以及分层改变储层流体压力，满足多层合采动力条件的原理，提出了地面井分层卸压的煤系气合采方式。该方式通过在地面进行定向钻井，在目标储层中进行高压水射流作业，人工创造卸压空间（缝、槽、穴等），改变地应力状态，降低有效应力伤害，增加储层导流通道的数量和开度，提高目标储层压降传递速率。待储层压力降至符合煤系气合采动力条件时进行合层排采，从而提高煤系合采各产气层的产气贡献。相较于常规增产改造措施，此方式能够减少煤系气储层在有效应力作用下的储层伤害，且有助于提高储层压降传递效率，增强煤系气的解吸和扩散，降低多层煤系气合采过程中的层间干扰。在以上研究基础上，认为地面井分层卸压的合采方式主要适用于储层地应力大、产层间距小的煤系气储层，且有望在薄互层煤系气储层增产改造及层间干扰严重的叠合共生煤系储层开发领域进行应用推广。Abstract: In order to further understand the restrictive factors of coal measure gas co-mining, and to improve the gas production contribution of each production layer of coal measure gas co-mining, based on power, passage and gas source conditions, the necessary factors of coal measure gas co-mining were analyzed. Based on the principle of changing the crustal stress state to improve the reservoir conductivity and changing the reservoir fluid pressure in different layers to meet the dynamic conditions of multi-layer co-mining, the coal measure gas development method by stratified pressure relief in surface wells was proposed. Through directional drilling on the surface, high-pressure water jet operation is carried out in the target reservoir, pressure relief spaces (slots, grooves, holes) are artificially created, the stress state is changed, with the effective stress damage the being reduced, and then the number and opening of reservoir diversion channels are increased, and the fluid pressure drop of the target reservoir is finally induced. When the reservoir pressure drops to meet the dynamic conditions of coal measure gas combined production, the combined layer drainage will be carried out, realize the coordinated multi-layer gas combined production, and improve the gas production contribution of each production layer of coal measure gas combined production. Compared with conventional reconstruction technologies, the method can reduce the damage of coal measure gas reservoirs under the effective stress action, improve the efficiency of inducing the pressure to promote the desorption and diffusion of coal measure gas, and reduce interlayer interference. On the basis of the above research, it is considered that the development mode of surface well delamination relief is mainly suitable for the coal measure gas reservoir with large in-situ stress and small spacing between production layers, and it is expected to be applied in the field of thin interlayer gas reservoir stimulation and the development of symbiotic coal measure reservoir with serious interlayer interference.
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