Characteristics and genetic mechanisms of geothermal reservoirs in the Neogene Guantao Formation, Qikou Sag
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摘要: 渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷内赋存极为丰富的地热资源，其中新近系馆陶组热储最具开采价值，开展馆陶组热储地温场、孔渗条件、地热水循环规律和成因模式研究对认识馆陶组地热资源属性，合理开发地热资源具有重要意义。通过分析该区钻探、物探、测温、开发数据等资料，确定歧口凹陷内馆陶组热储为沉积盆地传导型地热系统，深部地幔热流和地壳内放射性生热以热传导方式传热，地热异常分布受基岩起伏的控制，在沧东断裂、北大港断裂带附近出现高温地热异常，地温梯度可达5.0℃/hm以上。馆陶组热储的孔渗条件南北两侧较高，中部较低，热储孔隙率整体在26%以上，渗透率在400×10-3 μm2以上，单井涌水量平均60 m3/h，是优质热储。地热水主要来源于古大气降水，由北部燕山补给，沿地层深循环，吸取岩石骨架热量，形成地热水。歧口凹陷区馆陶组热储地热资源量为41.81×1018 J，尤以天津滨海新区和河北黄骅市分布最广，占总资源量的95%，资源与需求匹配度高，具有良好的开发利用前景。Abstract: The Qikou Sag in the Huanghua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin boasts extremely abundant geothermal resources.Among them, the geothermal reservoirs of the Neogene Guantao Formation have the greatest potential for exploitation. To ascertain the properties of geothermal resources in this formation and rationally exploit these resources, it is significant to investigate the geothermal field, porosity, permeability, geothermal water circulation patterns, and genetic mode of geothermal reservoirs in the formation. Based on data from drilling, geophysical exploration, thermometry, and production of the study area, this study determined that the geothermal reservoirs of the Guantao Formation in the Qikou Sag constitute a conductive geothermal system of a sedimentary basin, with the heat flow from the deep mantle and the radioactive heat from the crust being transferred through heat conduction. The distribution of geothermal anomalies is subjected to wavy bedrock. Hightemperature geothermal anomalies with geothermal gradients up to above 5.0°C/hm are found near the Cangdong and Beidagang faults. The geothermal reservoirs of the Guantao Formation manifest high porosity and permeability in the north and south but low porosity and permeability in the central portion, with porosity greater than 26%, permeability above 400×10-3 μm2, and average single-well water yield of 60 m3/h overall. These suggest high-quality geothermal reservoirs. The geothermal water in the study area primarily originates from paleometeoric water. As the recharge source, the paleometeoric water from the Yanshan area in the north circulates deeply along strata while absorbing heat from the rock matrix, ultimately forming geothermal water. The geothermal reservoirs of the Guantao Formation in the Qikou Sag host geothermal resources of 41.81×1018 J, 95% of which are distributed in the Tianjin Binhai New Area and Huanghua City, Hebei Province. Their high match with demands makes geothermal resources in the study area have great potential for production and utilization.
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