Abstract: According to the characteristic of desert unsaturated zone, through the method of combined observation using neutron moisture meter-densitometer-land temperature meter, water content, moisture potential and temperature field of the unsaturated zones in typical test place have been measured in the open for a long time, where water level depth is one meter, two meters and three meters. This thesis sums up the law of corresponding changes of every day and season, and analyses the climate factors including rain, evaporation etc. how to influence the desert unsaturated water, then it gets the mechanism and the law of moisture transport in the desert unsaturated zone. It provides the scientific guide for the water resources evaluation of headwater in Hongshagang mining area.