Characteristics analysis of the geothermal water in Heshan Coalfield based on hydrogeochemistry
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摘要: 为开发广西合山煤田地下热水资源，以水文地球化学方法为主，通过石英温标法估算地热储层温度，并推测地下热水循环深度，研究地下热水赋存规律。结果显示，合山煤田地下热水补给、径流和排泄受岩溶构造控制，以顺地层为主，穿层次之；接受大气降水入渗补给，水质为HCO3-Ca·Mg型；采用无蒸汽损失的石英温标法，估算热储层温度约80℃，识别出浅层地下水、浅层地下水与深部地下循环混合水和深部地下循环水3种类型；以井田内No.6钻孔数据为例，800 m孔深以下为深层地下循环水，其热储层温度为63.44~79.41℃，循环深度在2 541~2 704 m，与实际地层埋深相差较小，估算结果可信度较高；在1 400 m以浅，有望探寻到水温约50℃热水；合山煤田地下热水的偏硅酸、温度均达到医疗要求；三、四煤层热导率低，孔隙率小，为热储层良好盖层；四煤层底板合山组下段和茅口组溶隙发育，为良好热水储层。研究成果对煤田地热资源的开发利用前景预测有一定的探索意义。Abstract: In order to develop geothermal water resources in Heshan Coalfield, Guangxi Provence, the temperature of geothermal reservoir was estimated by quartz temperature scale method based on hydrogeochemistry, and the circulation depth of geothermal water was speculated to study the occurrence law of geothermal water. The results show that the recharge, runoff and discharge of underground hot water in Heshan Coalfield are controlled by karst structure, which is mainly along and across the stratum. It receives infiltration recharge from atmospheric precipitation and the water quality is HCO3-Ca·Mg type. By quartz geothermometers without steam loss, the thermal reservoir temperature is estimated to be about 80℃ and three types of water, namely, shallow groundwater, mixed water of shallow groundwater and deep groundwater circulating water and deep groundwater circulating water. Taking No.6 borehole data in the mine field as an example, the temperature of the thermal reservoir is 63.44℃ to 79.41℃, and the circulation depth is 2 541-2 704 m. The difference between the thermal reservoir temperature and the actual buried depth is small and the estimation result is highly reliable. The difference from the actual burial depth is small, indicating the high reliability of the estimation results. At the depth of 1 400 m and around, it is expected to explore geothermal water about 50℃. The metasilicic acid and temperature of underground hot water in Heshan coal field meet the medical requirements. No.3 and No.4 coal seams have low thermal conductivity and small porosity, which are good caprock for thermal reservoir. The lower member of Heshan Formation and Maokou Formation in the floor of No.4 coal seam are developed with solution fissures, which are good hot water reservoirs. The research results have certain exploration significance for the development and utilization prospect prediction of geothermal resources in coalfields.
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致谢: 本文在收集资料、撰写论文过程中与广西煤炭地质局首席专家周立坚高级工程师开展了有益的讨论，广西煤炭地质局总工程师农衡才教授级高级工程师、罗祺高级工程师审阅全文并提出宝贵意见，广西煤炭地质局多名工作人员在论文行文过程中提供了帮助，在此谨表谢意。
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图 1 合山煤田地层与水文地质及储盖层模式
Fig. 1 Formation hydrogeology and reservoir cap rock model of Heshan Coalfield
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图 2 合山煤田区域地质与水文地质剖面图
Fig. 2 Conceptual map of regional geology and hydrogeology section in Heshan Coalfield
表 1 合山煤田部分钻孔可溶性SiO2参数
Table 1 Parameters of soluble SiO2 in some boreholes in Heshan Coalfield
取样孔 层位 取样深度/m 可溶性SiO2质量
浓度/(mg·L –1)pH No.1 P2 h 1 361.66~367.62 5.5 7.90 No.2 P2h1 128.00~171.00 2.5 7.20 No.3 P2h1 40.79~86.39 10 8.00 No.4 P2m2 473.50~486.00 10 7.50 No.5 P2h1 & P1m2 733.05~820.08 12 7.30 No.6 P2h1 887.35~889.75 20 7.40 No.6 P2h1 & P2m2 914.65~920.25 30 8.04 No.7 P2h1 24.00~85.85 15 7.45 No.8 P2h1 351.60~359.20 2.5 7.30 No.9 P2m2 353.20~429.20 12 7.50 No.10 P2h1 & P1m2 109.00~112.00 10 7.69 No.11 P2m 40.50~413.90 9 7.46 No.12 P2h1 165.30~200.90 2 7.40 No.13 P2h1 130.00~149.30 6.5 7.45 
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表 2 合山煤田石英地热温标法估算热储层温度
Table 2 Estimation of reservoir temperature by quartz geotherm scale method in Heshan Coalfield
取样孔 热储层估算温度/℃ 取样温度/℃ 取样孔 热储层估算温度/℃ 取样
温度/℃No.1 21.03 27.0 No.7 52.97 24 No.2 0.01 22.5 No.8 0.01 25 No.3 39.26 23.0 No.9 45.28 25 No.4 39.26 25.5 No.10 39.26 22 No.5 45.28 29.0 No.11 35.89 25 No.6 63.44 41.0 No.12 –5.40 23 No.6 79.41 41.0 No.13 25.91 25.5
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表 3 合山煤田No.6孔实测地温资料
Table 3 Ground temperature data of No.6 drillhole in Heshan Coalfield
序号 孔深/m 温度/℃ 序号 孔深/m 温度/℃ 1 0 27.8 11 500 27.3 2 50 23.6 12 550 27.6 3 100 23.8 13 600 27.9 4 150 24.1 14 650 28.4 5 200 24.4 15 700 28.9 6 250 24.5 16 750 29.5 7 300 25.0 17 800 30.1 8 350 25.2 18 850 33.0 9 400 26.7 19 900 37.0 10 450 26.9 20 944 41.0
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表 4 合山煤田No.6孔热储循环深度估算
Table 4 Estimation of thermal storage cycle depth of No.6 borehole in Heshan Coalfield
估算深度/m 无蒸汽损失的石英温标法估算温度/℃ 热水循环深度/m 889.75 63.44 2 541 920.00 79.41 2 704
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