Variation law and influencing mechanism of surface movement parameters in Shendong Mining Area
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摘要: 我国西部矿区普遍具有资源储量大、埋藏浅、覆岩结构简单等特点，采矿活动对地表影响明显。为研究神东矿区地表移动参数变化规律，首先基于大柳塔矿22201工作面实测数据分析其地表动态变形规律，再采用神东矿区18个工作面的实测数据，获得地表移动参数与地质采矿条件之间的对应关系，并分析地质采矿条件对地表移动参数的影响机理。研究表明：神东矿区煤层开采地表沉陷速度快、衰退期短，最大下沉速度达643.3 mm/d，活跃期下沉量占总下沉量的99.05%；下沉系数与松散层采深比呈先增大后减小的二次函数关系，水平移动系数、主要影响角正切分别与（采高×开采速度）/（宽深比×基岩厚度）、基岩厚度×开采速度/（采深×采高）呈先减小后增大的二次函数关系；边界角、裂缝角与松散层采深比呈正线性关系，移动角与基岩采深比成正比，与采高、开采速度成反比；基岩承载松散层荷载及松散层拱效应的变化是导致地表移动参数变化的根本原因。研究成果对西部矿区地表破坏控制与治理、矿井生产安全保障及生态环境修复具有工程实用价值。Abstract: The mining areas in western China generally have the characteristics of large reserves, shallow depth and simple overlying rock structure, and mining activities in such areas have a significant impact on the surface. In order to study the variation law of surface deformation and rock movement parameters in Shendong Mining Area, the dynamic deformation of the surface was studied based on the measured data of working face 22201 of Daliuta Coal Mine. Then the relationship between surface movement parameters and geological mining conditions were obtained from the measured data of 18 working faces in Shendong Mining Area, and the influence mechanism of geological and mining conditions on surface movement parameters was analyzed. The results show that mining in Shendong Mining Area has a fast surface subsidence rate and a short recession period, with the maximum subsidence rate of 643.3 mm/d, and the subsidence in the active period accounts for 99.05% of the total subsidence. The subsidence coefficient has a quadratic function relation with the ratio of loose bed thickness to mining depth that first increases and then decreases; the horizontal movement coefficient and the main influence angle tangent have a quadratic function relation with mining height times mining rate(width to depth ratio times bedrock thickness) and bedrock thickness times mining rate(mining depth times mining height) that first decreases and then increases, respectively. The boundary angle and crack angle have a positive linear relationship with the ratio of loose bed thickness to mining depth, and the displacement angle is directly proportional to the ratio of bedrock thickness to mining depth and inversely proportional to the mining thickness and the mining rate. The changes in bedrock bearing loose layer load and loose layer arching effect are the root causes of changes in ground movement parameters. The research could provide engineering practical value for the control and treatment of surface damage, and mine production safety and ecological environment restoration in western mining areas.
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图 1 大柳塔矿22201工作面钻孔柱状图
Fig. 1 Drilling diagram of working face 22201 of Daliuta Coal Mine
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图 3 22201工作面不同时期动态下沉曲线
Fig. 3 Dynamic sink curves in different time of working face 22201
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图 4 22201工作面不同时期水平变形曲线
Fig. 4 Horizontal deformation curves in different time of working face 22201
分类 观测站 工作面尺寸/(m×m) H0/m D/H0 h0/m h/m M/m C/(m·d–1) q b tanβ δ0/(°) γ0(β0)/(°) δ0/(°) γ(β)/(°) δ″/(°) 0.07 < h0/H0≤0.30 布尔台矿22103-1 360×4 250 295.0 1.22 20.0 275.0 3.40 8.30 0.64 0.21 2.00 49.1 74.0 66.0 杨家村222201 240×1 600 133.0 1.80 10.0 123.0 5.00 5.10 0.70 2.40 56.0 71.0 71.0 74.0 大柳塔矿52304 301×4 547 235.0 1.28 30.0 205.0 6.94 6.80 0.67 0.24 2.25 53.7 53.7 63.7 68.0 69.4 大柳塔矿22201 349×643 72.5 4.81 12.0 60.5 3.95 9.60 0.76 0.21 1.55 50.8 51.7 67.3 72..1 活鸡兔矿12205 230×2 250 87.0 2.64 19.0 68.0 3.57 12.00 0.73 0.33 1.98 50.0 52.0 67.0 67.0 72.0 柠条塔矿N1200 300×1 500 109.0 2.75 31.0 78.0 5.87 4.50 0.85 60.3 60.7 81.3 柳塔矿12106 247×633 120.0 2.06 35.0 85.0 7.50 7.00 0.78 0.30 2.80 57.7 56.0 67.2 68.4 77.5 乌兰木伦矿2207 158×892 102.0 1.55 30.0 72.0 2.20 2.80 0.78 0.44 1.87 52.0 60.5 70.0 72.0 70.0 0.30 < h0/H0≤0.55 上湾12401 300×5 429 184.0 1.63 62.0 122.0 8.60 13.6 57.0 58.0 45.0 46.0 76.0 冯家塔矿1201 250×1 850 210.0 1.19 73.0 137.0 3.30 8.30 0.75 70.0 70.0 柠条塔矿N1206 300×1 500 162.0 1.85 57.6 104.4 5.90 7.35 0.73 0.25 1.93 62.6 62.6 72.2 81.9 补连塔矿2211 185×1 367 110.0 1.68 40.0 70.0 4.00 8.00 0.65 0.37 61.0 60.0 大柳塔矿1203 150×938 61.0 2.46 26.0 35.0 4.03 2.40 0.59 0.29 2.65 64.2 64.5 69.6 70.5 79.0 哈拉沟矿22407 284×3 224 130.0 2.18 57.0 73.0 5.40 15.00 0.65 1.60 60.0 62.7 58.4 柠条塔矿N1114 245×2 100 123.0 1.99 60.9 62.1 1.85 6.10 0.63 0.28 1.52 59.7 68.7 韩家湾矿2304 268×1 800 130.0 2.06 65.0 65.0 4.10 8.00 0.56 0.28 1.97 62.5 62.5 86.4 三道沟矿85201 295×3 160 200.0 1.48 108.0 92.0 6.50 3.70 64.0 61.0 70.8 82.1 张家峁15201 266×2 295 128.0 2.08 70.0 58.0 6.30 7.00 0.54 0.51 2.87 63.0 71.0 73.4 80.0 注：D为工作面宽度；h0为松散层厚度；h为基岩厚度；M为采高；煤层倾角均为0°~5°；D/H为宽深比，表示工作面宽度/平均采深。 
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矿区 观测站 q b tanβ δ0/(°) β0/(°) γ0/(°) δ/(°) β/(°) γ/(°) δ″/(°) 两淮 谢桥矿1118 1.14 0.30 2.09 55.3 53.3 51.6 65.7 67.3 丁集矿1141(3) 1.10 0.30 1.80 56.0 49.4 49.7 67.9 62.9 66.4 70.2 刘桥矿421 0.96 0.40 1.45 48.0 45.0 52.0 67.0 66.0 焦作 冯营矿1221 0.88 0.30 2.00 60.0 53.0 55.0 64.0 57.0 70.0 66.0 焦西矿102(3) 1.16 0.27 2.10 61.5 42.0 52.5 87.0 60.5 74.0 74.0 朱村矿151上山 0.92 0.31 1.80 40.0 40.0 43.5 67.2 52.0 68.5 63.0 新汶 孙村矿四采区 0.60 0.32 2.30 63.0 59.0 61.5 70.0 70.0 72.4 76.4 汶南矿11501 0.66 0.32 2.20 62.0 60.5 60.7 71.0 68.5 71.8 75.0 鄂庄矿2401西 0.64 0.30 1.90 64.5 60.7 63.0 65.0 72.4 74.0 潞安 王庄矿6206 0.82 0.69 2.70 66.0 59.0 63.0 73.0 72.0 74.0 80.0 邢台 邢东矿1100采区 0.66 0.34 1.90 52.0 63.0 61.0 71.0 68.0 82.0 42.0 兖州 兴隆矿4314 0.84 0.23 2.34 59.0 51.7 72.1 69.2 76.4 大同 塔山矿8104 0.47 0.30 2.00 76.7 76.7 76.7 78.6 78.6 78.6 78.8 晋城 东峰矿区3114 0.69 0.28 1.80 65.0 65.0 65.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 75.0 徐州 庞庄矿102 0.92 0.37 1.70 53.1 54.0 54.0 77.0 65.5 78.5 73.0 西山 西曲矿22101 0.79 0.33 2.40 58.0 67.0 74.0 72.0 79.0
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表 3 东西部矿区地表移动参数对比
Table 3 Comparison of surface movement parameters in eastern and western mining areas
矿区 地表移动参数 q b tanβ δ0/(°) β0/(°) γ0/(°) δ/(°) β/(°) γ/(°) δ″/(°) 神东矿区 最小值 0.54 0.21 1.52 50.0 49.1 49.1 45.0 46.0 46.0 66.0 平均值 0.69 0.31 2.11 58.3 57.4 57.4 65.7 67.4 67.4 76.6 最大值 0.85 0.51 2.87 64.2 64.5 64.5 71.0 74.0 74.0 86.4 东部矿区 最小值 0.47 0.23 1.45 40.0 40.0 43.5 64.0 52.0 66.4 42.0 平均值 0.83 0.34 2.03 59.1 56.2 57.5 72.4 66.6 72.3 71.3 最大值 1.16 0.69 2.7 76.7 76.7 76.7 87.0 78.6 82.0 80.0
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