Gas drainage borehole completion technology of directional long hole drilling with negative angle
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摘要: 定向长钻孔预抽煤层瓦斯是实现煤矿瓦斯区域超前治理的有效技术手段，受采掘部署影响，负角度钻孔（下向孔）在生产中应用广泛。中硬煤层成孔性好、通常无需护孔，但针对负角度长钻孔积水问题，现有常规方法均无法有效解决。以贵州龙凤煤矿9号中硬煤层下向长钻孔为研究对象，在同一区域施工2组定向长钻孔，钻孔平均倾角–8°，钻孔孔深240~363 m、垂深40.0 m，对比分析了长距离、大垂深定向长钻孔护孔和未护孔2种完孔工艺的瓦斯抽采效果差异。结果表明：在抽采前期，采取护孔工艺的负角度定向长钻孔平均瓦斯抽采量为2.09 m3/min，未采取护孔工艺的为1.87 m3/min，二者差别不大；但护孔工艺定向长钻孔瓦斯抽采量衰减系数是未护孔的61.54%，以抽采400 d为例，护孔工艺定向长钻孔瓦斯抽采总量是未护孔的1.40倍；经理论计算，采取筛管护孔工艺钻场抽采达标时间比未护孔钻场缩短了157 d。从长期抽采效果来看，在缺乏有效排水措施的前提下，采取护孔工艺能够有效提高负角度定向长钻孔的瓦斯抽采效果。Abstract: Pre-drainage of coal seam gas with directional long boreholes is an effective technical means to achieve advanced control of coal mine gas area. Affected by mining deployment, negative-angle boreholes(downward holes) are widely used in production. Medium-hard coal seams have good porosity and usually do not require hole protection. However, the existing conventional methods can not effectively solve the problem of water accumulation in negative angle long boreholes. This paper takes the downward long boreholes in the No. 9 medium-hard coal seam of Longfeng Coal Mine in Guizhou as the research object. Two sets of directional long boreholes are constructed in the same area. The average inclination of the boreholes is –8°, and the borehole depth is 240-363 m, with vertical depth of –40.0 m. This paper compares and analyzes the difference in gas drainage effect between protected and unprotected long directional boreholes with long-distance and large vertical depth. The results show that in the early stage of drainage, with the negative angle orientation of the protection hole technology adopted, the average gas drainage volume of long boreholes is 2.09 m3/min, and 1.87 m3/min without hole protection technology. There is little difference between the two technologies. But the attenuation coefficient of gas drainage volume in directional long boreholes with protection technology is 61.54% of the unprotected holes. Taking 400 days of drainage as an example, the total amount of gas drainage from the directional long borehole with the hole protection technology is 1.40 times that of the unprotected hole. Theoretical calculations show that the time required for the drilling site to meet the standards by adopting the screen pipe protection technology is 157 days shorter than that of the unprotected drilling site. From the perspective of long-term drainage effect, in the absence of effective water drainage measures, the adoption of hole protection technology can effectively improve the gas drainage effect of negative-angle directional long boreholes.
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图 1 未下入护孔筛管定向钻孔瓦斯运移趋势
Fig. 1 Trend of gas migration in directional drilling holes without protective screen pipe
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图 2 下入护孔筛管定向钻孔瓦斯运移趋势
Fig. 2 Trend of gas migration in directional drilling holes with protective pipe
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图 3 工作面掘进区域负角度定向长钻孔布置
Fig. 3 Arrangement of the directional long boreholes with negative angle in the heading area of working face
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图 4 回风斜井钻场定向长钻孔实钻轨迹剖面(以1号孔为例)
Fig. 4 The actual drilling trajectory of the directional long borehole at the return air inclined well drilling site(No.1 bore hole)
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图 5 未护孔工艺负角度定向长钻孔瓦斯抽采量变化曲线
Fig. 5 Variation curves of gas drainage volume of negative-angle directional long borehole with unprotected hole technology
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图 6 筛管护孔工艺负角度定向长钻孔瓦斯抽采量变化曲线
Fig. 6 Nariation curves of gas drainage volume of negative angle directional drilling long boreholes with screen pipe protection
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图 7 筛管钻孔与未护孔定向钻孔百米抽采总量对比
Fig. 7 Comparison of the extraction volume of 100 m between screen pipe protected and unprotected directional boreholes
表 1 回风斜井钻场定向长钻孔实钻轨迹参数
Table 1 Parameters of actual drilling trajectory of directional long borehole in return air inclined well drilling site
孔号 主孔深度/m 分支孔/个 总进尺/m 1 306 3 417 2 306 306 3 330 2 447 4 306 1 561 5 303 303 6 315 315 7 318 1 450 总进尺 2 799 
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表 2 轨道1号联巷钻场定向长钻孔实钻轨迹参数
Table 2 Parameters of actual drilling trajectory for directional long boreholes in the track No.1 joint drilling site
孔号 主孔深度/m 分支孔/个 总进尺/m 护孔筛管深度/m 下筛管方式 1 360 360 360 大通孔螺旋钻杆下筛管 2 360 360 350 大通孔螺旋钻杆下筛管 3 360 360 360 大通孔螺旋钻杆下筛管 4 360 1 411 120 裸孔人工推送下筛管 5 363 2 483 112 裸孔人工推送下筛管 6 360 2 531 120 裸孔人工推送下筛管 7 240 3 381 108 裸孔人工推送下筛管
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