Abstract: Aiming at the sudden inburst of formation water and drilling fluid into a roadway along the borehole during through roadway drilling operation, which results in the secondary injury of the trapped personnel, ABAQUS geotechnical numerical simulation method was adopted, the model was established with the surface rescue well of the roadway of No.3 coal seam in Pingshang Coal Mine as an example, the plastic deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock of the roadway roof and the optimization of safe through roadway distance under drilling dynamic disturbance were studied. The results show that the dynamic disturbance caused displacement deformation and plastic failure of the roof surrounding rock, and the distribution of the borehole center was symmetrical zigzag. The axial force had great influence on the surrounding rock of the roadway roof, the safe through roadway distance was 16.53 m. The simulation results provide reference for optimizing the safe driving distance, realizing the purpose of safe and efficient driving, providing the guarantee for the safe lowering and lifting of the rescue cabin in the rescue well.