Application of pre-stack denoising technique in full digital high density 3D seismic technique in coal mining districts
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摘要: 高密度三维地震采用数字检波器单点接收，数字检波器灵敏度高，对信号采取宽频接收，使得更多弱背景噪声和有效信号一起被记录下来。因此，全数字高密度三维地震资料单炮信噪比偏低，需要在叠前采用针对性去噪技术以提高处理效果。以淮北矿区全数字高密度三维地震数据为例，讨论了高密度空间采样的充分性以及高密度三维地震数据中面波、异常振幅与多次波等主要干扰波的特点，结合高密度三维地震数据宽方位、宽频带、高密度等特点，针对性地压制面波、异常振幅与多次波。在纵测线和非纵测线方向上对面波进行十字排列分析，根据面波空间分布规律设计锥形滤波器进行滤除；通过计算多个地震道的包络并设定阈值自动识别后进行单道压制以处理异常振幅。应用抛物Radon变换把CMP道集变换到τ-ρ域剔除多次波。原始数据经过处理后，有效信号得以保留，信噪比得到较大提升，取得了良好的效果，对今后的全数字高密度三维地震数据处理工作有借鉴意义。Abstract: High density 3D seismic technique uses digital detectors to receive data. The high sensitivity of digital detectors makes weaker background noises and the effective signals are recorded by adopting broadband acceptance. Therefore, in the full digital high density seismic exploration, the data collected by digital detectors have higher noise level and lower SNR. Taking the full digital high density 3D seismic data of Huaibei mining area as an example, the paper explains the characteristics of the three main noises in the high density 3D seismic data, including surface wave, abnormal amplitude and multiple wave, and combines the characteristics of the high density 3D seismic data including wide azimuth, high density and multi-offset to makes cross-alignment analysis of surface wave in the direction of in-line and off-line, and designs conical filter according to the characteristics of surface wave to filter it, sets a threshold to identify abnormal amplitude and performs single channel suppression after calculating the envelope of multiple seismic channels, and applies the Radon transform to eliminate multiple waves from the CMP channel set into the domain. After processing the original data, the effective signals are preserved and the SNR is greatly improved.
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