Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of Ordovician limestone water in Baode coal mine
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摘要: 奥陶纪灰岩（简称奥灰）水是保德煤矿煤层开采的主要威胁水源，且为主要供水水源之一。为研究保德煤矿奥灰水水化学特征，并分析其形成机理，对保德煤矿区奥灰水进行系统取样，综合运用相关性分析、离子比例系数、饱和指数反演、氯碱指数等方法进行分析。研究结果表明：奥灰水的水质类型从径流区到滞流区呈HCO3-Na（Na·Ca）→HCO3·Cl-Na·Ca（Ca·Mg）→Cl-Na（Na·Ca）的变化趋势，各离子质量浓度与TDS值呈线性关系，除HCO3-外，其余离子质量浓度均与TDS值呈正相关；阳离子交替吸附、BSR反应、溶滤沉析作用是控制矿区地下水化学环境的主要作用。根据饱和指数（SI）计算及路径模拟结果证实，径流区方解石、白云石和石膏大量溶解，滞流区出现白云石沉淀，石膏始终处于不饱和状态，趋于发生溶解。该结论可为保德煤矿深部煤炭开采水害防治与矿井水利用提供依据。Abstract: Ordovician limestone karst water is the main threatening water source for mining activities in Baode coal mine, and it is one of the main water supply sources. Ordovician limestone karst water samples were systematically collected in Baode coal mine, and the methods of correlation analysis, ion proportional coefficient, saturation index inversion simulation and Chlor-Alkali index were chosen to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and its formation mechanism. The results showed that the water quality types of Ordovician limestone water changed from runoff zone to stagnant zone in a trend of HCO3-Na(Na·Ca)→HCO3·Cl-Na·Ca(Ca·Mg)→Cl-Na(Na·Ca). The mass concentration of each ion was linearly related to TDS value, and positively correlated with TDS except for HCO3-. Cationic alternating adsorption, BSR and solution filtration were the main function to control the hydrogeochemical environment of groundwater in the coal mine. According to the saturation index(SI) calculation and simulation path, it was confirmed that calcite, dolomite and gypsum was dissolved in runoff zone, dolomite precipitation occured in stagnant zone, gypsum was always in unsaturated state and tended to dissolve. This conclusion would provide a basis for the prevention and control of water damage in deep coal mining and the utilization of mine water in Baode coal mine.
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