Abstract: The rock occurrence environment and structural characteristics determine its strength criteria, and affects the mechanical and deformation characteristics of surrounding rock. This paper relies on the deep replacement project of a mine in Yunnan, based on the rock strength criteria, and analyzes the mechanics and deformation characteristics of surrounding rock and the reasonable secondary support time of roadway to decrease the influence of the roadway support effect because of the obvious rheological properties present under high ground stress. The results showed that the min-average simulated deviations mf was generalized H-B criterion which was aimed at the sum of deviation absolute value. The mechanical and deformation characteristics of Baizuo surrounding rock, the maximum plastic area radius and the range were analyzed, the maximum displacement around the roadway approximately linearly increased with the surrounding rock stress, and gradually decreased with the increased support resistance; while the original rock stress was more than 36 MPa, the rheological phenomenon of surrounding rock was obvious, when it reached to 51 MPa, the displacement around roadway obviously decreased with the increased support resistance, but the convergence slowed down; By introducing creep damage variables and criteria of stable creep rate, it was obtained that the reasonable secondary support timing of the roadway under the rock stress of 41.5 MPa is 133 h after excavation.