Construction of hydrogeochemistry criteria in hydrogeological exploration in coal mines
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摘要: 针对煤矿水文地质勘探过程中存在的水文地球化学异常问题，以蒙陕矿区侏罗系含水层为研究对象，开展了水化学异常原因分析和判别标准构建，结果表明：勘探过程中以"水清沙净"为判别洗井完成的依据不充分，水泥浆残留是造成pH升高、矿化度降低等水化学异常的主要因素，因此结合蒙陕矿区深埋型煤田水文补堪和工作面探放水等工作成果，建立了由pH、矿化度（TDS）、HCO3-、SO42-等水质指标组成的"五要素"判别标准，对巴拉素井田水文补堪过程中采集的36组水样进行判别，可以迅速判断出存在水化学异常的8组水样。剔除水化学特征异常的水样点后，可以很清晰地建立巴拉素井田各含水层的水化学特征，第四系水化学特征与地表水比较接近，表现为低矿化度、弱碱性、重碳酸钙型水；白垩系洛河组含水层与第四系水力联系密切，但埋深有所增加，导致一定量Na+离子溶入，水化学特征演化为重碳酸钙钠型；安定组为区域性较稳定隔水层，导致直罗组和延安组含水层以侧向补给为主，地下水循环交替时间较长，形成了深部滞留特征的高矿化度（>2 500 mg/L）硫酸钠型地下水。Abstract: Aiming at the problem of hydrogeochemical anomalies existing in hydrogeological exploration in coal mines, Jurassic aquifer in Inner Mongalia-Shaanxi mining area was taken as research objective, analysis and construction of criteria of causes of hydrochemical anomalies were carried out. The results showed:it was insufficient that during exploration "clean water and sand" was taken as the basis for discriminating completion of well washing, the residue of cement slurry was the major factor for hydrochemical anomalies such as increase of pH and decrease of mineralization. Therefore, the results of complementary hydrological exploration and water detection and drainage in working faces in deeply buried coalfield in Inner Mongolia-Shaanxi mining area were combined, the criteria of "five factors" constituted of pH, mineralization (TDS), HCO3-, SO42- were set up, 36 sets of water samples collected during hydrological exploration in Balasu Mine were discriminated, 8 sets of hydrochemically abnormal water samples were rapidly judged out. After rejection of hydrochemically abnormal water sample points, the hydrochemical characteristics of different aquifers in Balasu Mine might be set up clearly. Quaternary hydrochemical characteristics were close to surface water, presented as water type of low mineralization, weak alkaline and heavy calcium carbonate. The aquifer of Jurassic Luohe Formation was closely connected hydraulically with Quaternary but deeper to some extent, resulting in dissolution of certain amount of Na+, the chemical characteristics evolved into heavy calcium carbonate type. Anding Formation is a relatively stable regional aquifuge, inducing that lateral recharge is dominant in Zhiluo Formation and Yan'an Formation, the time of cyclic alternation of groundwater is long, forming groundwater of high mineralization(>2 500 mg/L) and sodium sulfate type characterized by deep retention. sodium sulfate type groundwater.
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